Table 1.
FRAP and basal MDA results. The intragroup (vs. baseline) statistical analysis is reported near the raw data, while the intergroup (active vs. placebo) statistical analysis is reported near the % variation (Δ%). The statistical analysis is reported as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. Legend. D0, baseline (first day of study, exposure of skin to UV); D−1, day before the basal visit (before UV exposure); D14/15, follow-up visit after 14 days of product use; D56/57, follow-up visit after 56 days of product use. O, Overall (Asian and Caucasian subjects); A, Asian; C, Caucasian.
| Active | Placebo | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D0 | D15 | Δ% | D57 | Δ% | D0 | D15 | Δ% | D57 | Δ% | ||
| FRAP (μM Fe2+) | O | 329.0 ± 8.4 | 356.7 ± 9.5 *** | +8.6% *** | 402.3 ± 12.6 *** | +22.3% *** | 333.8 ± 9.3 | 335.1 ± 10.5 | +0.4% | 339.3 ± 10.2 | +2.0% |
| A | 321.2 ± 11.3 | 347.1 ± 11.9 *** | +8.5% ** | 391.9 ± 17.0 *** | +22.0% *** | 331.3 ± 10.5 | 331.4 ± 12.1 | +0.1% | 337.7 ± 11.4 | +2.2% | |
| C | 339.9 ± 12.6 | 370.0 ± 15.4 *** | +8.8% *** | 416.8 ± 18.8 *** | +22.6% *** | 337.2 ± 17.0 | 340.4 ± 18.9 | +0.8% | 341.5 ± 18.9 | +1.7% | |
| D−1 | D14 | D56 | D−1 | D14 | D56 | ||||||
| MDA (μM MDA) | O | 16.8 ± 0.6 | 16.5 ± 0.6 | −1.5% ** | 15.4 ± 0.6 *** | −8.2% *** | 16.9 ± 0.6 | 17.4 ± 0.6 | +3.7% | 17.3 ± 0.6 | +3.1% |
| A | 16.4 ± 0.8 | 16.1 ± 0.8 | −1.2% | 15.0 ± 0.8 *** | −7.7% *** | 17.3 ± 0.8 | 17.6 ± 0.8 | +2.4% | 17.7 ± 0.8 | +3.2% | |
| C | 17.5 ± 0.9 | 17.1 ± 0.8 | −1.9% * | 16.0 ± 0.8 *** | −8.9% *** | 16.4 ± 0.8 | 17.1 ± 0.8 | +5.5% | 16.7 ± 0.8 | +2.9% | |