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. 2022 May 27;14(11):2241. doi: 10.3390/nu14112241

Table 3.

Skin elasticity results. The intragroup (vs. baseline) statistical analysis is reported near the raw data, while the intergroup (active vs. placebo) statistical analysis is reported near the % variation (Δ%). The statistical analysis is reported as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.005. Legend. D0, baseline; D14, follow-up visit after 15 days of product use; D57, follow-up visit after 56 days of product use. O, Overall (Asian and Caucasian subjects); A, Asian; C, Caucasian.

Active Placebo
D0 D15 Δ% D57 Δ% D0 D15 Δ% D57 Δ%
R0 (mm) O 0.321 ± 0.013 0.294 ± 0.012 *** −8.2% *** 0.269 ± 0.011 *** −15.6% 0.322 ± 0.013 0.327 ± 0.013 * +2.0% 0.330 ± 0.014 +3.1%
A 0.257 ± 0.006 0.254 ± 0.006 *** −9.3% *** 0.215 ± 0.007 *** −15.2% *** 0.251 ± 0.007 0.257 ± 0.008 +2.5% 0.260 ± 0.010 +3.8%
C 0.413 ± 0.017 0.384 ± 0.014 ** −6.5% *** 0.343 ± 0.012 *** −16.0% *** 0.420 ± 0.012 0.425 ± 0.013 +1.2% 0.429 ± 0.014 +3.8%
R2 (%) O 0.593 ± 0.015 0.626 ± 0.016 *** +5.9% *** 0.671 ± 0.015 *** +13.9% *** 0.582 ± 0.013 0.583 ± 0.013 +0.1% 0.577 ± 0.014 −0.9%
A 0.520 ± 0.010 0.551 ± 0.010 *** +6.2% *** 0.598 ± 0.011 *** +15.5% *** 0.522 ± 0.010 0.523 ± 0.011 0.0% 0.518 ± 0.014 −0.9%
C 0.695 ± 0.017 0.730 ± 0.018 ** +5.5% ** 0.773 ± 0.018 *** +11.6% *** 0.665 ± 0.014 0.667 ± 0.014 +0.2% 0.0659 ± 0.015 −0.8%
R5 (%) O 0.449 ± 0.016 0.514 ± 0.018 *** +16.8% *** 0.587 ± 0.022 *** +33.4% *** 0.447 ± 0.016 0.438 ± 0.017 −2.6% 0.441 ± 0.016 −1.2%
A 0.504 ± 0.012 0.579 ± 0.016 *** +15.9% *** 0.668 ± 0.019 *** +34.3% *** 0.500 ± 0.011 0.485 ± 0.015 −3.1% 0.491 ± 0.015 −1.8%
C 0.372 ± 0.025 0.424 ± 0.025 ** +17.1% *** 0.475 ± 0.029 *** +31.0% *** 0.375 ± 0.024 0.372 ± 0.026 −1.3% 0.372 ± 0.024 −0.6%
R9 (mm) O 0.040 ± 0.001 0.035 ± 0.001 *** −12.1% *** 0.030 ± 0.001 *** −25.4% *** 0.039 ± 0.001 0.041 ± 0.002 6.5% 0.041 ± 0.002 +5.9%
A 0.039 ± 0.002 0.034 ± 0.002 *** −12.1% *** 0.029 ± 0.002 *** −25.8% *** 0.039 ± 0.001 0.042 ± 0.002 * +10.3% 0.041 ± 0.002 +8.2%
C 0.041 ± 0.002 0.037 ± 0.003 ** −11.9% * 0.031 ± 0.002 *** −23.8% *** 0.039 ± 0.002 0.039 ± 0.002 +10.3% 0.041 ± 0.003 +8.2%