Table 2.
Changes in biological and vascular outcomes at three months.
| All Obese | p-Value | Changes from Baseline (in %) | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome Variables | Baseline | 3 Months | OS | ONS | ||
| Total 25(OH)D (mmol/L) | 38.0 (35.4–47.8) | 67.0 (57.0–71.6) | <0.0001 | 55.2 (38.1–72.0) | 34.9 (8.1–70.9) | 0.132 |
| Free 25(OH)D (mmol/L) | 4.1 (1.9–5.3) | 5.9 (4.1–8.3) | 0.0001 | 59.4 (36.3–77.4) | 27.4 (8.6–60.6) | 0.336 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.5 (31.2–36.2) | 30.3 (29.6–32.5) | <0.0001 | −8.5 (−11.2–−6.3) | −7.8 (−10.9–−5.6) | 0.649 |
| CRP (mg/mL) | 6.1 (3.3–10.1) | 2.0 (0.9–4.5) | 0.0002 | −48.8 (−81.6–−0.35) | −65 (−81.1–48) | 0.331 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.6 (1.7–2.7) | 1.6 (1.1–1.9) | 0.007 | −36.9 (−76.9–1.7) | −36.3 (−60.3–−12.8) | 1 |
| Carotid diameters (mm) | 5.73 (5.59–5.81) | 5.66 (5.46–5.83) | 0.678 | 0 (−1.1–2.5) | −1.5 (−4.4–3.5) | 0.434 |
| Carotid compliance (mm2/mmHg) | 0.11 (0.09–0.12) | 0.12 (0.10–0.15) | 0.05 | 2.35 (−9.8–18.2) | 15.5 (−5.3–58.1) | 0.305 |
| Intima-media thickness (mm) | 0.64 (0.63–0.67) | 0.63 (0.62–0.67) | 0.034 | −3.25 (−7.3–0.9) | 0.61 (−6.4–2.1) | 0.599 |
OS: obese participants receiving vitamin D supplements; ONS: obese participants not receiving vitamin D supplements; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI: Body mass index; CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin 6.