TABLE 5.

Glossary

Healthy Eating Index	A measure of diet quality used to assess how well a set of foods aligns with key recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for American (https://www.fns.usda.gov/resource/healthy-eating-index-hei)
Estimated average requirement	A nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45182/)
Ketosis	A metabolic state in which fat provides most of the fuel for the body
Micronutrients	Vitamins and minerals required in trace amounts for the normal growth and development of living organisms
Malnutrition	Imbalanced nutrition
Nutrient dense	Food relatively rich in nutrients for the number of calories contained
Undernutrition	Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough food or not eating enough food containing substances necessary for growth and health
Overnutrition	A form of malnutrition arising from excessive intake of nutrients, leading to an accumulation of body fat that impairs health
Prebiotics	Foods that act as food for human microflora
Probiotics	Foods or supplements that contain live microorganisms intended to maintain or improve the normal microflora in the body
Processed food	A food item that has had a series of mechanical or chemical operations performed on it to change or preserve it
Whole foods	Food with little or no refining or processing and containing no artificial additives or preservatives; natural or organic food