Table 2.
Males: effect of intermittent fasting on reproductive hormone concentrations.
| Study Design | % Change from Baseline | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Subjects | Duration (Weeks) |
Interventions | BW | FM | FFM | Testosterone | SHBG |
| Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) | ||||||||
| Stratton 2020 [10] |
n = 26 Males Age: 18–35 y Physically active |
4 |
RT: Parallel arm 1.8 h TRE + CR25% + Resistance training 3×/week 2. CR 25% + Resistance training 3×/week |
1. ↓1% * 2. ↓2% * |
1. ↓9% * 2. ↓9% * |
1. ∅ 2. ∅ |
Total T: 1. ↓1% * 2. ↓1% * |
-- |
| Moro 2020 [11] |
n = 16 Males Age: 19 ± 2 y Elite cyclists |
4 | RCT: Parallel arm 1. 8 h TRE (10 a.m.–7 p.m.) 2. Usual diet (7 a.m.–9 p.m.) |
1. ↓2% *† 2. ∅ |
1. ∅ 2. ∅ |
1. ∅ 2. ∅ |
Free T: 1. ↓27% *† 2. ↓8%† |
1. ∅ 2. ∅ |
| Moro 2016 [8] |
n = 34 Males Age: 29 ± 4 y Resistance trained |
8 | RCT: Parallel arm 1. 8 h TRE (12 p.m.–8 p.m.) + Resistance training 3×/week 2. Usual diet (8 a.m.–8 p.m.) + Resistance training 3×/week |
1. ↓ * 2. ∅ |
1. ↓15% *† 2. ∅ |
1. ∅ 2. ∅ |
Total T: 1. ↓21% *† 2. ∅ |
-- |
| Moro 2021 [12] |
n = 20 Males Age: 29 ± 4 y Resistance trained |
44 | RCT: Parallel arm 1. 8 h TRE (1 p.m.–8 p.m.) + Resistance training 3×/week 2. Usual diet (8 a.m.–8 p.m.) + Resistance training 3×/week |
1. ↓3% *† 2. ↑3% *† |
1. ↓12% * 2. ∅ |
1. ∅ 2. ↑3% * |
Total T: 1. ↓17% * 2. ∅ |
-- |
--: Not measured; ∅: nonsignificant change. ↓: decrease; ↑: increase. * p < 0.05, significantly different from baseline (within group effect). † p < 0.05, significantly different from the control or comparison group (between group effect). BW: body weight; FFM: fat-free mass; FM: fat mass; RT: randomized trial; RCT: randomized control trial; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; T: testosterone; TRE: time-restricted eating (prescribed eating window shown in parentheses).