The hazard ratio of modifiable risk factors and AVS incident patients. Adjusted by age, sex, family history of cardiovascular disease, family history of diabetes, education, household income, and Townsend deprivation index. * p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05); ** p-value less than 0.0018 (p < 0.05/28) for Bonferroni correction. The models adjusted for gender, age, education, income, Townsend deprivation index, family history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, metabolic equivalent of physical activity, alcohol daily consumption, smoking status, and systolic blood pressure. Biochemical indices were further adjusted by cholesterol-lowering medication.