Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| UKB with Genotype | Patients with Incident AVS * | Patients with Non-AVS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 361,930 | 1602 | 360,328 |
| Based demography | |||
| Age, year | 56.6 ± 8.0 | 62.8 ± 5.3 | 56.5 ± 8.0 |
| Male, No. (%) | 171,409 (47.4) | 1048 (65.4) | 170,360(47.3) |
| Female, No. (%) | 190,523 (52.6) | 554 (34.6) | 189,968 (52.7) |
| Family history of CVD, No. (%) | 216,176 (59.7) | 1004 (62.7) | 215,172 (59.7) |
| Metabolic factors | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.4 ± 4.7 | 29.3 ± 5.3 | 27.4 ± 4.7 |
| Body fat percentage, % | 31.2 ± 8.5 | 31.6 ± 8.6 | 31.2 ± 8.5 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.09 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 140.1 ± 19.6 | 149.2 ± 20.8 | 140.0 ± 19.6 |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | 57.8 ± 14.8 | 67.5 ± 17.8 | 57.7 ± 14.8 |
| Resting heart rate, bpm | 69.4 ± 11.7 | 70.6 ± 13.1 | 69.4 ± 11.7 |
| Biochemical index | |||
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 35.9 ± 6.5 | 39.5 ± 11.5 | 35.9 ± 6.5 |
| Vitamin D, nmol/L | 49.7 ± 20.9 | 48.6 ± 20.8 | 49.7 ± 20.9 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.76 ± 1.03 | 1.97 ± 1.16 | 1.76 ± 1.03 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.45 ± 0.38 | 1.35 ± 0.37 | 1.45 ± 0.38 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 3.57 ± 0.87 | 3.40 ± 0.98 | 3.57 ± 0.87 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.71 ± 1.14 | 5.45 ± 1.29 | 5.71 ± 1.14 |
| Urate | 310.0 ± 80.3 | 346.1 ± 86.1 | 309.8 ± 80.3 |
| C-reactive protein | 2.55 ± 4.26 | 3.69 ± 5.68 | 2.54 ± 4.25 |
| Creatinine | 72.4 ± 17.5 | 79.7 ± 35.7 | 72.4 ± 17.4 |
| Albumin | 45.3 ± 2.6 | 44.6 ± 2.62 | 45.3 ± 2.60 |
| Education | |||
| Age completed full-time education, y | 16.6 ± 2.2 | 16.1 ± 2.1 | 16.6 ± 2.2 |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| Cigarettes per day, number | 18.4 ± 10.1 | 21.1 ± 11.9 | 18.4 ± 10.1 |
| Smoking initiation | 161,951 (44.8) | 939 (58.6) | 161,010 (44.7) |
| Smoking cessation | 125,524 (77.51) | 736 (78.0) | 124,791 (77.5) |
| Coffee consumption, cups/day | 2.21 ± 2.14 | 2.46 ± 2.40 | 2.21 ± 2.14 |
| Morningness, No. (%) | 202,942 (62.8) | 916 (64.6) | 202,026 (62.8) |
| Sleep duration, hours/day | 7.17 ± 1.08 | 7.24 ± 1.28 | 7.17 ± 1.08 |
| Getting up easily, No. (%) | 299,356 (82.9) | 1337 (83.6) | 298,019 (82.9) |
| Napping, No. (%) | 156,378 (43.2) | 946 (59.1) | 155,432 (43.2) |
| Daytime dozing, No. (%) | 82,613 (22.9) | 487 (30.6) | 82,126 (22.9) |
| Snoring, No. (%) | 127,531 (37.8) | 630 (42.8) | 126,901 (37.8) |
| Insomnia, No. (%) | 274,346 (75.9) | 1274 (79.7) | 273,072 (75.8) |
* AVS = Aortic Valve Stenosis.