Table 3.
Main dietary nutrient intake according to DII score tertiles (n = 970).
| Characteristics | All n = 970 | DII | p y | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 n = 323 |
Tertile 2 n = 324 |
Tertile 3 n = 323 |
|||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2412.32 ± 449.4 | 2717.83 ± 361.31 | 2421.29 ± 365.41 | 2097.82 ± 387.77 | <0.001 |
| Protein (g/day) | 102 ± 23.09 | 115.35 ± 21.25 | 102.05 ± 19.81 | 88.6 ± 19.99 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 211.8 (179.53 to 248.39) | 243.56 (213.2 to 278.39) | 212.07 (186.52 to 241.83) | 181.07 (155.53 to 211.33) | <0.001 |
| Fiber (g/day) | 32.04 (25.36 to 39.48) | 41.83 (37.53 to 47.19) | 32.21 (28.28 to 35.54) | 23.64 (19.83 to 26.74) | <0.001 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 129.54 (110.8 to 151.81) | 144.41 (126.82 to 164.92) | 129.81 (113.25 to 150.84) | 115.27 (97.8 to 132.27) | <0.001 |
| SFAs (g/day) | 34.13 (28.47 to 40.52) | 36.73 (31.31 to 42.69) | 34.53 (29.03 to 40.47) | 30.71 (26.69 to 38.29) | <0.001 |
| MUFAs (g/day) | 66.17 ± 17.23 | 72.91 ± 15.51 | 66.74 ± 17.28 | 58.86 ± 15.92 | <0.001 |
| PUFAs (g/day) | 18.04 (14.75 to 23.1) | 22.82 (18.55 to 27.77) | 18.2 (15.5 to 22.16) | 14.67 (12.91 to 17.48) | <0.001 |
| Linoleic acid (g/day) | 13.07 (10.53 to 17.1) | 16.55 (12.69 to 20.3) | 13.07 (10.66 to 16.64) | 10.91 (9.39 to 13.34) | <0.001 |
| α-Linolenic acid (g/day) | 1.18 (0.94 to 1.72) | 1.7 (1.17 to 2.04) | 1.17 (0.98 to 1.67) | 0.96 (0.79 to 1.19) | <0.001 |
| EPA (g/day) | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.19) | 0.17 (0.12 to 0.23) | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.18) | 0.11 (0.06 to 0.15) | <0.001 |
| DHA (g/day) | 0.28 (0.15 to 0.38) | 0.34 (0.21 to 0.46) | 0.27 (0.15 to 0.37) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.33) | <0.001 |
| Trans-FA (g/day) | 1.39 (0.9 to 1.93) | 1.33 (0.83 to 1.77) | 1.37 (0.85 to 1.9) | 1.51 (0.98 to 2.1) | 0.006 |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 329.37 (271.94 to 387.11) | 352.56 (290.57 to 419.63) | 332.07 (280.83 to 390.09) | 301.47 (242.94 to 357.17) | <0.001 |
| Vitamins | |||||
| Vitamin A (µg/day) | 1232.06 (925.37 to 1605.67) | 1647.04 (1353.22 to 1995.93) | 1239.6 (1018.95 to 1514.61) | 880.25 (696.21 to 1093.78) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 241.62 (172.22 to 326.08) | 348.1 (278.38 to 423.19) | 246.67 (191.3 to 295.85) | 159.67 (122.7 to 203.88) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D (µg/day) | 4.56 (3.46 to 5.91) | 5.65 (4.3 to 7.16) | 4.49 (3.44 to 5.66) | 3.83 (2.92 to 5) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 17.94 (14.85 to 21.73) | 22.62 (19.46 to 26.79) | 17.7 (15.68 to 20.11) | 14.12 (12.07 to 16.39) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 1.81 (1.54 to 2.11) | 2.12 (1.87 to 2.39) | 1.81 (1.59 to 2.04) | 1.52 (1.31 to 1.77) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/day) | 2.09 (1.76 to 2.45) | 2.42 (2.16 to 2.76) | 2.09 (1.81 to 2.38) | 1.73 (1.48 to 1.99) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg/day) | 23.74 (20.21 to 27.28) | 27.74 (24.74 to 30.69) | 23.49 (20.81 to 26.05) | 20.28 (16.84 to 22.98) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) | 2.79 ± 0.67 | 3.4 ± 0.51 | 2.76 ± 0.43 | 2.22 ± 0.45 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B9 (µg/day) | 471.52 (376.29 to 581.24) | 613.43 (555.07 to 700.19) | 470.34 (420.74 to 519.52) | 347.85 (298.9 to 393.19) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg/day) | 6.33 (4.89 to 8.3) | 7.5 (5.8 to 9.56) | 7.5 (5.8 to 9.56) | 7.5 (5.8 to 9.56) | <0.001 |
| Β-carotene (µg/day) | 5481.21 (3853.48 to 7339.81) | 7627.1 (6353.83 to 9270.43) | 5447.07 (4429.53 to 6880.58) | 3561.99 (2744.51 to 4845.43) | <0.001 |
| Minerals | |||||
| Zinc (mg/day) | 11.92 (10.21 to 14.07) | 14.34 (12.25 to 15.85) | 12.1 (10.84 to 13.6) | 10.06 (8.7 to 11.32) | <0.001 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 15.95 (13.51 to 18.59) | 19.46 (17.65 to 21.74) | 15.94 (14.43 to 17.45) | 12.71 (11.27 to 14.04) | <0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 437.41 (359.96 to 510.06) | 545.09 (488.22 to 622.47) | 440.92 (394.65 to 477.09) | 331.41 (294.23 to 379.52) | <0.001 |
| Selenium (µg/day) | 101.32 (84.15 to 121.61) | 117.71 (98.4 to 136.98) | 101.39 (87.62 to 116.1) | 86.98 (72.85 to 103.87) | <0.001 |
DII, dietary inflammatory index; SD, standard deviation; SFAs, saturated fatty acids; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid. y p value refers to the comparison between the DII tertiles using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test as appropriate.