Figure 4.

The functional categories of proteins with differential abundance in wheat treated with the plant-derived smoke solution under flooding stress. Wheat seeds were sown and treated with or without the plant-derived smoke solution. Three-day-old wheats were exposed with or without flooding. After proteomic analysis, the functional categories of the significantly changed proteins (p < 0.05) from wheat treated with and without the plant-derived smoke solution under flooding were determined using MapMan bin codes (Tables S2 and S3). Red and blue columns show the number of increased and decreased proteins, respectively. Abbreviations: AA, amino acids; mitoETC, mitochondrial electron transport chain; OPP, oxidative pentose phosphate; and TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle; “not assigned” indicates proteins without ontology or characterized functions.