Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the participants based on general and central obesity.
| Characteristics | BMI | p | WC | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Subjects (n = 40,406) |
Non-General Obesity (n = 35,207) |
General Obesity a (n = 5199) | Non-Central Obesity (n = 28,761) | Central Obesity b (n = 11,645) | |||
| Age (years) | 56 ± 11 | 56 ± 11 | 57 ± 10 | <0.001 | 55 ± 11 | 59 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 16,793 (41.6) | 14,471 (41.1) | 2322 (44.7) | 11,789 (41.0) | 5004 (43.0) | ||
| Female | 23,613 (58.4) | 20,736 (58.9) | 2877 (55.3) | 16,972 (59.0) | 6641 (57.0) | ||
| Education level | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| 0–6 years | 16,557 (41.0) | 14,072 (40.0) | 2485 (47.8) | 10,823 (37.6) | 5734 (49.2) | ||
| 7–12 years | 21,017 (52.0) | 18,561 (52.7) | 2456 (47.2) | 15,561 (54.1) | 5456 (46.9) | ||
| >12 years | 2832 (7.0) | 2574 (7.3) | 258 (5.0) | 2377 (8.3) | 455 (3.9) | ||
| Marriage | 0.73 | 0.61 | |||||
| Married | 37,584 (93.0) | 32,754 (93.0) | 4830 (92.9) | 26,764 (93.1) | 10,820 (92.9) | ||
| Other | 2822 (7.0) | 2453 (7.0) | 369 (7.1) | 1997 (6.9) | 825 (7.1) | ||
| Physical activity | 0.38 | <0.001 | |||||
| Low | 13,237 (32.8) | 11,574 (32.9) | 1663 (32.0) | 9587 (33.3) | 3650 (31.3) | ||
| Moderate | 13,771 (34.1) | 11,994 (34.1) | 1777 (34.2) | 9840 (34.2) | 3931 (33.8) | ||
| High | 13,398 (33.2) | 11,639 (33.1) | 1759 (33.8) | 9334 (32.5) | 4064 (34.9) | ||
| Smoking | 0.14 | 0.003 | |||||
| Ever | 10,082 (25.0) | 8742 (24.8) | 1340 (25.8) | 7059 (24.5) | 3023 (26) | ||
| Never | 30,324 (75.1) | 26,465 (75.2) | 3859 (74.2) | 21,702 (75.5) | 8622 (74) | ||
| Alcohol drinking | 0.002 | <0.001 | |||||
| Ever | 5563 (13.8) | 4774 (13.6) | 789 (15.2) | 3758 (13.1) | 1805 (15.5) | ||
| Never | 34,843 (86.2) | 30,433 (86.4) | 4410 (84.8) | 25,003 (86.9) | 9840 (84.5) | ||
| Diabetes | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 5738 (14.2) | 4420 (12.6) | 1318 (25.4) | 3154 (11.0) | 2584 (22.2) | ||
| No | 34,668 (85.8) | 30,787 (87.5) | 3881 (74.7) | 25,607 (89) | 9061 (77.8) | ||
| Hypertension | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 19,696 (48.8) | 15,948 (45.3) | 3748 (72.1) | 11,227 (45.0) | 7102 (70.2) | ||
| No | 20,710 (51.3) | 19,259 (54.7) | 1451 (27.9) | 16,769 (58.3) | 3941 (33.8) | ||
| CHDI | 70.05 ± 9.29 | 70.2 ± 9.31 | 69.04 ± 9.13 | <0.001 | 70.51 ± 9.28 | 68.91 ± 9.22 | <0.001 |
| HBA1c (%) | 4.9 (4.4, 5.5) | 4.8 (4.4, 5.4) | 5.1 (4.5, 5.9) | <0.001 | 4.8 (4.4, 5.4) | 5.0 (4.4, 5.8) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.81 ± 0.85 | 5.77 ± 0.81 | 6.09 ± 1.00 | <0.001 | 5.72 ± 0.78 | 6.03 ± 0.97 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.91 ± 0.94 | 4.90 ± 0.93 | 4.99 ± 0.99 | <0.001 | 4.88 ± 0.92 | 4.99 ± 0.97 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.70 ± 1.26 | 1.64 ± 1.2 | 2.11 ± 1.55 | <0.001 | 1.56 ± 1.12 | 2.03 ± 1.49 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.35 | 1.42 ± 0.35 | 1.26 ± 0.31 | <0.001 | 1.44 ± 0.35 | 1.29 ± 0.32 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.74 ± 0.83 | 2.74 ± 0.83 | 2.78 ± 0.88 | 0.004 | 2.73 ± 0.82 | 2.78 ± 0.87 | <0.001 |
a General obesity defined as BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2, b central obesity defined as WC ≥ 90 cm in males and ≥85 cm in females.