Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics
| Measure | M | SD | Min-Max | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Writing Quality | |||||
| WIAT Writing: quality | 2.99 | 1.06 | 0 - 6 | −0.22 | −0.20 |
| Beaver Writing: quality | 2.74 | 0.99 | 0 - 6 | −0.10 | 0.77 |
| Writing Productivity | |||||
| WIAT Words written | 68.10 | 42.73 | 0 - 222 | 0.90 | 0.26 |
| Beaver Words written | 64.72 | 32.52 | 7 - 167 | 0.80 | 0.27 |
| Correctness in Writing | |||||
| WIAT Correct word sequences | 44.21 | 31.14 | 0 - 139 | 1.02 | 0.37 |
| WIAT Incorrect word sequences | 31.87 | 22.93 | 1 - 149 | 1.57 | 3.24 |
| WIAT CIWS | 12.35 | 28.65 | −89 - 106 | .68 | 1.79 |
| Beaver Correct word sequences | 42.31 | 28.94 | 1 - 154 | 1.05 | 0.86 |
| Beaver Incorrect word sequences | 30.60 | 21.17 | 0 - 115 | 1.16 | 1.50 |
| Beaver CIWS | 11.71 | 35.40 | −82 - 142 | .43 | .59 |
| Word Reading | |||||
| WJ Letter Word Identification | 42.01 | 6.47 | 18-63 | .38 | .62 |
| WJ Letter Word Identification – SS | 104.18 | 12.90 | 47-135 | −.49 | .91 |
| TOWRE SWE 1 | 51.64 | 12.08 | 7-75 | −.56 | .08 |
| TOWRE SWE 1 – SS | 98.95 | 16.10 | 55-131 | −.54 | .01 |
| TOWRE SWE 2 | 52.01 | 12.18 | 9-78 | −.44 | .21 |
| TOWRE SWE 2 – SS | 99.24 | 16.45 | 55-135 | −.45 | .00 |
| Spelling | |||||
| Spelling | 12.52 | 4.98 | 0 - 22 | −0.18 | −0.74 |
| Handwriting Fluency | |||||
| Sentence Copying 1 | 10.43 | 3.61 | 0 - 23 | 0.24 | 0.29 |
| Sentence Copying 2 | 14.93 | 4.55 | 1 - 29 | 0.12 | 0.45 |
| Sentence Copying 3 | 18.85 | 5.36 | 0 - 34 | −0.09 | 0.33 |
| Reading Comprehension | |||||
| WJ Passage Comprehension | 22.98 | 4.22 | 9 - 33 | .08 | −.43 |
| WJ Passage Comprehension – SS | 96.88 | 11.70 | 44 - 122 | −.58 | 1.05 |
| WIAT Reading Comprehension | 50.94 | 11.30 | 3 - 83 | −.08 | .81 |
| WIAT Reading Comprehension – SS | 96.71 | 13.18 | 40 - 138 | .03 | 1.23 |
| Discourse Oral Language | |||||
| OWLS Listening Comprehension | 76.46 | 13.03 | 37 - 103 | −0.17 | −0.49 |
| OWLS Listening Comprehension – SS | 97.05 | 15.15 | 44 - 124 | −0.45 | 0.08 |
| TNL Comprehension | 25.87 | 4.98 | 5 - 36 | −0.79 | 0.94 |
| TNL Comprehension – SS | 8.30 | 2.87 | 1 - 15 | −0.09 | −0.03 |
| Informational Text Comprehension | 9.70 | 3.48 | 1 - 20 | 0.47 | 0.07 |
| TNL Retell | 30.29 | 12.30 | 0 - 53 | −0.61 | −0.08 |
| Informational Text Retell | 10.39 | 7.16 | 0 - 42 | 1.07 | 1.52 |
| Knowledge-Based Inference | |||||
| CASL Inference | 10.89 | 6.98 | 0 - 31 | 0.59 | −0.43 |
| CASL Inference – SS | 92.51 | 13.29 | 56 - 127 | 0.25 | −0.32 |
| Perspective Taking | |||||
| Theory of Mind | 7.79 | 3.92 | 0 - 17 | 0.08 | −0.76 |
| Monitoring | |||||
| Comprehension Monitoring | 6.77 | 2.96 | 1 - 16 | 0.36 | −0.50 |
| Vocabulary | |||||
| WJ Picture Vocabulary | 20.48 | 2.90 | 7 - 29 | −0.10 | 1.14 |
| WJ Picture Vocabulary – SS | 96.91 | 10.52 | 43 - 126 | −0.43 | 1.81 |
| Grammatical Knowledge | |||||
| CASL Grammaticality | 32.43 | 12.71 | 2 - 66 | 0.02 | −0.15 |
| CASL Grammaticality – SS | 95.84 | 13.54 | 40 - 134 | −0.43 | 0.75 |
| Working Memory | |||||
| Working Memory | 8.21 | 3.91 | 0 - 20 | 0.02 | 0.20 |
| Attentional Control | |||||
| SWAN Attention | 35.69 | 12.03 | 9 - 63 | 0.36 | −0.23 |
Note. Unless otherwise noted, all the scores are raw scores. Theory of mind is a measure of perspective taking. WIAT = Wechsler Individual Achievement Test; CIWS = correct minus incorrect word sequences; WJ = Woodcock Johnson; SS = standard score; TOWRE SWE = The Sight Word Efficiency task of Test of Word Reading Efficiency; OWLS = Oral and Written Language Scales; TNL = Test of Narrative Language; CASL = Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language; SWAN = Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior.