Table 1.
Government response to COVID-19 and air pollution.
| ADM1/City level |
Country level |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Panel A: Air quality is measured by NO2(satellite data) | ||||
| Stringency index | −0.032∗∗∗ (0.003) |
−0.012∗∗∗ (0.003) |
−0.040∗∗∗ (0.004) |
−0.033∗∗∗ (0.004) |
| Controls | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Country and time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 250,838 | 248,120 | 14,850 | 14,712 |
| Panel B: Air quality is measured by PM2.5(station-based data) | ||||
| Stringency index | −0.164∗∗∗ (0.016) |
−0.129∗∗∗ (0.016) |
−0.175∗∗∗ (0.011) |
−0.148∗∗∗ (0.011) |
| Controls | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Country and time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 81,478 | 75,048 | 12,784 | 11,986 |
Notes: ∗∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗p < 0.05, ∗p < 0.1. Results of panel model. Clustered standard errors in parentheses are robust to within-day and within-country serial correlation. Control variables are daily temperature and rainfall (humidity for station-based data).