Table 1.
Infant and parent characteristics by group.
| Demographics | Overall (n = 300) |
Control (n = 150) |
Intervention (n = 150) |
p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Infant characteristics | ||||
| Gestational age, weeks (mean, SD) | 35.5 (4.8) | 35.4 (4.8) | 35.7 (4.8) | 0.51 |
| Birth weight, grams (mean, SD) | 2540 (1047) | 2521 (1041) | 2559 (1056) | 0.70 |
| NICU length of stay, days (mean, SD) | 34 (39) | 34 (38) | 35 (40) | 0.94 |
| Sex | 0.82 | |||
| Male | 174 (58.0) | 88 (58.7) | 86 (57.3) | |
| Female | 126 (42.0) | 62 (41.3) | 64 (42.7) | |
| Race | 0.42 | |||
| White | 117 (39.0) | 56 (37.3) | 61 (40.7) | |
| Black | 133 (44.3) | 66 (44.0) | 67 (44.7) | |
| Asian | 17 (5.7) | 11 (7.3) | 6 (4.0) | |
| American Indian/Pacific Islander | 8 (2.7) | 6 (4.0) | 2 (1.3) | |
| Mixed race/not reported | 25 (8.3) | 11 (7.3) | 14 (9.3) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.52 | |||
| Hispanic | 23 (7.7) | 13 (8.7) | 10 (6.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 277 (92.3) | 137 (91.3) | 140 (93.3) | |
| Parent characteristics | ||||
| Age, years (mean, SD) | 30.1 (6.5) | 30.4 (6.5) | 29.9 (6.5) | 0.41 |
| Gender | 0.10 | |||
| Male | 33 (11.0) | 21 (14.0) | 12 (8.0) | |
| Female | 267 (89.0) | 129 (86.0) | 138 (92.0) | |
| Education | 0.48 | |||
| High school or less | 77 (25.7) | 34 (22.7) | 43 (28.7) | |
| Vocational/some college | 87 (29.0) | 46 (30.7) | 41 (27.3) | |
| College or more | 136 (45.3) | 70 (46.6) | 66 (44.0) | |
| Relationship status | 0.43 | |||
| Single | 49 (16.3) | 22 (14.7) | 27 (18.0) | |
| Married/partnered | 251 (83.7) | 128 (85.3) | 123 (82.0) | |
| Other children at home | 0.59 | |||
| None | 129 (43.0) | 68 (45.3) | 61 (40.7) | |
| At least one other | 171 (57.0) | 128 (85.3) | 89 (59.3) | |
| Baseline scale scores (mean, SD) | ||||
| PMP-SE | 70.3 (8.1) | 70.3 (7.9) | 70.2 (8.4) | 1.00 |
| PSS | 30.2 (7.9) | 29.6 (8.0) | 30.8 (7.9) | 0.16 |
| PSS-10 | 17.4 (7.0) | 17.1 (7.2) | 17.6 (6.8) | 0.46 |
| STAI | 34.7 (12.3) | 34.4 (12.2) | 35.0 (12.4) | 0.62 |
| CES-D 10 | 9.6 (5.4) | 9.4 (5.7) | 9.7 (5.1) | 0.60 |
PMPS-E Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale, PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale, PSS Parental Stress Scale, STAI Y-1 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State), CES-D 10 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
ap values based on Chi-square for categorical measures and t test for continuous measures.