Table 2.
Artificial guts used to estimate energetic values of ingredients and feeds for poultry.
| Simulated portion of the gut | Assay condition |
Simulated animal/species | Reference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proventriculus/Gizzard (gastric phase) |
Small intestine (SI phase) |
|||||||||
| Commercial enzyme/chemical | Incubation time, min | T, °C | pH | Commercial enzyme/chemical | Incubation time, min | T, °C | pH | |||
| Gastric and SI phases | 240 | 37 | NA | 240 | 37 | 7.2 | Adult chicken rooster | Clunies et al. (1984) | ||
| Gastric and SI phases | Pepsin (20 mg), HCl | 240 | 37 | 4.1 | Pancreatin (40 mg), bile salts (15 mg), enterokinase (2.5 mg) | 360 | 37 | 7.0–7.1 | Adult chicken rooster | Valdes and Leeson (1992) |
| Gastric and SI phases | Pepsin, HCl | 120 | 39 | 2.0 | Pancreatin | 420 | 39 | 6.8 | Adult chicken rooster | Losada et al. (2009) |
| Gastric and SI phases | Pepsin, HCl | 120 | 39 | 2.0 | Pancreatin | 420 | 39 | 6.8 | Adult chicken rooster | Losada et al. (2010) |
| Gastric and SI phases | Pepsin, HCl | 120 | 41 | 2.0 | 240 | 41 | 6.8 | Broiler chicken | Yegani et al. (2013) | |
| Gastric and SI phases | Pepsin, HCl | 240 | 41 | 2.0 | Amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin | 30 (upper SI), 7.5 h (lower SI) | 41 | 6.5 (upper SI), 8.1 (lower SI) | Chinese yellow rooster | Zhao et al. (2014) |
| Gastric and SI phases | Pepsin, HCl | 240 | 41 | 2.0 | Amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin | 30 (upper SI), 7.5 h (lower SI) | 41 | 6.5 (upper SI), 8.1 (lower SI) | Peking duck | Zhang et al. (2019) |
SI = small intestine; T = temperature.