Table 4.

Artificial guts used to assess the effects of phytase for poultry.

Simulated portion of the gut	Assay condition								Simulated animal/species	Reference
	Proventriculus/Gizzard (gastric phase)				Small intestine (SI phase)
	Commercial enzyme/chemical	Incubation time, min	T, °C	pH	Commercial enzyme/chemical	Incubation time, min	T, °C	pH
Crop, gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	30 (crop, pH 5.25) + 45 (gizzard)	40	NA	Pancreatin	240	40	NA	Turkey	Zyla et al. (1995)
Crop, gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	30 (crop) + 45 (gizzard)	40	NA	Pancreatin	240	40	NA	Turkey	Zyla et al. (1996)
Crop, gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	30 (crop, pH 5.8) + 45 (gizzard)	40	2.75	Pancreatin	240, 60	40	6.1	Broiler chicken	Zyla et al. (1999)
Crop, gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	30 (crop, pH 5.8) + 45 (gizzard)	40	2.75	Pancreatin	240	40	6.1	Broiler chicken	Zyla et al. (2000)
Crop, gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	30 (crop, pH- 5.5) + 45 (gizzard)	40	2.5	Pancreatin	60, 240	40	6.0	Broiler chicken	Lan et al. (2010)
Gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	42	40	2.75–3.25	Pancreatin, Sodium bicarbonate	60	40	6.3–6.7	Broiler chicken	Walk et al. (2012a)
Exp 1-Gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	42 (Exp. 1)	40	2.75–3.25	Pancreatin, Sodium bicarbonate	60	40	6.3–6.7	Broiler chicken	Walk et al. (2012b)
Exp 2- Gastric phase		5, 10, 20 (Exp. 2)
Gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	20	41	3.5–4.5	Pancreatin, Sodium bicarbonate	80	41	6.3–6.7	Broiler chicken	Morgan et al. (2014)
Crop, gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	30 (crop, pH 5.0) + 45 (gizzard)	40	3.0	Pancreatin	60	40	6.10	Broiler chicken	Menezes-Blackburn et al. (2015)
Gastric and SI phases	Pepsin, HCl	42	40	2.5	Pancreatin, Sodium bicarbonate	60	40	6.3–6.7	Broiler chicken	Farhadi et al. (2019)

SI = small intestine; T = temperature.