Table 1.
Details of the main characteristics of the 19 articles included in the quantitative analysis
| Study | Region | Mean age (years) |
CU group: TPOAbs + /total |
Control group: TPOAbs + /total |
TPOAbs assay methods |
TPOAbs positivity cut-off |
Females (%) |
Mean TSH levels (mU/L) |
HypoT (%) |
HyperT (%) |
AE (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leznoff, 1983 [6] | Canada | NR | 17/140 | 27/477 | HA | ≥ 1:100 | 70.0 | NR | 2.1 | 2.1 | NR |
| Turktas, 1997 [24] | Turkey | 37.0 | 9/94 | 4/80 | IRMA | ≥ 100 IU/ml | 72.0 | NR | 3.2 | 1 | 70.2 |
| Ryhal, 2001 [8] | USA | 48.0 | 5/25 | 0/75 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Verneuil, 2004 [25] | France | 43.0 | 8/45 | 1/30 | ELISA | > 25 IU/ml | 78.0 | NR | 0 | 0 | 33.3 |
| Cebeci, 2006 [15] | Turkey | 40.0 | 23/140 | 8/181 | NR | NR | 73.0 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 42.9 |
| Aamir, 2008 [14] | Pakistan | 37.0 | 13/30 | 0/30 | HA | ≥ 1:100 | 100.0 | 1.8 | 10 | NR | NR |
| Nuzzo, 2011 [19] | Italy | 31.5 | 12/54 | 5/108 | NR | > 110 IU/ml | NR | NR | 18.5 | NR | 18.5 |
| Al-Balbeesi, 2011 [20] | Saudi Arabia | 41.0 | 18/68 | 1/22 | HA | ≥ 1:100 | 90.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Confino-Cohen, 2012 [12] | Israel | 45.0 | 598/12778 | 54/10714 | NR | NR | 66.0 | NR | 10 | 2.6 | NR |
| Wan, 2013 [26] | Taiwan | NR | 5/60 | 0/40 | NR | NR | NR | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | NR |
| Yadav, 2013 [27] | India | 33.0 | 14/80 | 2/40 | ELISA | NR | 56.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Alpay, 2013 [21] | Turkey | 46.0 | 6/50 | 2/50 | NR | NR | 78.0 | NR | 6 | NR | NR |
| Ghaffari, 2013 [22] | Iran | 29.0 | 5/78 | 2/67 | NR | NR | 70.5 | NR | 1.3 | NR | 30.8 |
| Cho, 2013 [28] | USA | 39.0 | 3/27 | 4/19 | ECLIA | ≥ 35 IU/ml | 85.0 | 1.1 | NR | NR | NR |
| Okba, 2015 [23] | Egypt | 36.0 | 20/80 | 4/40 | IFAT | NR | 77.5 | 4.6 | 18.8 | 13.7 | NR |
| Diaz Angulo, 2015 [13] | Spain | 44.0 | 70/343 | 5/282 | EIA | > 90 IU/ml | 70.5 | NR | 3.8 | 1.2 | NR |
| Magen, 2016 [18] | Israel | 34.0 | 13/41 | 3/44 | NR | > 75 IU/ml | 68.0 | 2.3 | NR | NR | NR |
| Kasumagic-Halilovic, 2017 [17] | Bosnia | 40.0 | 12/70 | 1/70 | ECLIA | > 34 IU/ml | 57.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Czarnecka-Operacz, 2017 [16] | Poland | 42.0 | 32/148 | 0/35 | RIA | > 34 IU/ml | 98.0 | 1.7 | 2.7 | NR | 54 |
TPOAbs anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, AE angioedema, CU chronic urticaria ECLIA electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, EIA enzyme immunoassay, ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, HA hemoagglutination, HyperT Hyperthyroidism, HypoT Hypothyroidism, IFAT indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, IRMA Immunoradiometric assay, IU international units, NR not reported, RIA radioimmunoassay, TSH thyroid stimulating hormone