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. 2022 Feb 18;45(7):1317–1326. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01761-2

Table 2.

Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for the quality assessment of case–control studies

Study Selection Comparability Exposure Total
Definition of exposure Representativeness Selection of controls Definition of controls On age On other risk factors Assessment of exposure Same methods of ascertainment
for cases and controls
Nonresponse rate
Aamir, 2008 [14] 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Al-Balbeesi, 2011 [20] 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Alpay, 2013 [21] 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 6
Cebeci, 2006 [15] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Cho, 2013 [28] 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 5
Confino-Cohen, 2012 [12] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Czarnecka-Operacz, 2017 [16] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Diaz Angulo, 2015 [13] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Ghaffari, 2013 [22] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Kasumagic-Halilovic, 2017 [17] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Leznoff, 1983 [6] 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 5
Magen, 2016 [18] 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Nuzzo, 2011 [19] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Okba, 2015 [23] 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Ryhal, 2001 [8] 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 7
Turktas, 1997 [24] 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Verneuil, 2004 [25] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Wan, 2013 [26] 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Yadav, 2013 [27] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9