Table 1.
Characteristics of the eligible observational studies assessing the risk of prevalent and incident NAFLD in patients with and without psoriasis
| References (PMID) | Country | Psoriasis patients, n | Healthy controls, n | Age, yearsa | PASIa | Diagnosis of NAFLD | Crude risk of NAFLD (OR 95% CI) | Covariate adjustment | Adjusted risk of NAFLD (OR 95% CI) | Risk of NAFLD in PsA vs. PsO (OR 95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gisondi et al. [21] (19560226) | Italy | 130 | 260 | 51.2 ± 13.4 | NR | US | – | Age, sex, BMI (matched) | 2.26 (1.46–3.51) | 1.02 (0.51–2.03) |
| Tsai et al. [25] (21543188) | Taiwan | 51,800 | 207,200 | 47.5 ± 16.4 | NR | ICD | NR | Age, sex, urbanization level | 2.27 (1.90–2.71) | NR |
| Madanagobalane and Anandan [23] (22672067) | India | 333 | 330 | 46.26 ± 11.5 | 5.16 ± 6.06 | US and TE | NR | Age, sex, BMI (matched) | 2.22 (1.36–3.63) | 3.71 (1.89–7.30) |
| van der Voort et al. [26] (24373781) | Netherlands | 118 | 2174 | 76.2 ± 6.0 | 2.9 ± 2.8 | US | 1.70 (1.17–2.46) | c | 1.70 (1.13–2.58) | NR |
| Abedini et al. [19] (25958919) | Iran | 123 | 123 | 43 (30–56)b | 9 (4–16)b | US | – | Age, sex, BMI | 3.59 (2.12–6.07) | NR |
| Gisondi et al. [22] (26537011) | Italy | 124 | 79 | 55 ± 12 | 13 ± 10 | US | 2.20 (1.19–4.06) | NA | NR | 1.00 (0.52–1.95) |
| van der Voort et al. [27] (26062958) | Netherlands | 74 | 1535 | 71.2 ± 6.5 | 2.0 (3.2)b | US and TE | 1.07 (0.63–1.72) | NA | NR | NR |
| Awosika et al. [20] (29942422) | United States | 101 | 51 | 44.2 ± 13.6 | NR | US | 3.08 (1.00–9.53) | Age, sex, BMI | 2.63 (0.51–13.6) | NR |
| Ogdie et al. [24] (29104161) | United States |
Cross-sectional study 4539 (mild PsO) |
87,596 | 45.67 ± 11 | NR | ICD | NR | Age, sex | 1.29 (0.92–1.81) | NR |
| 3133 (moderate PsO) | 45.27 ± 11 | 1.32 (0.89–1.97) | ||||||||
|
Longitudinal study 1088 (severe PsO) |
44.49 ± 11 | 1.28 (0.66–2.48) | ||||||||
| 592 (mild PsO) | 3,654 | NR | 1.18 (1.08–1.28)g | d | 1.18 (1.07–1.30)g | |||||
| 75 (moderate to severe PsO) | NR | 3.09 (2.46–3.88)g | 2.23 (1.73–2.87)g | |||||||
| Yousaf et al. [29] (32965553) | United States | NR | NR | NR | NR | ICD | NR | e | 2.22 (2.21–2.23) | NR |
| Yang et al. [28] (33722548) | United States | 14,593 | 1,935,906 | NR | NR | ICD | NR | f | 1.92 (1.83–2.01) | NR |
PMID PubMed Identifier, US ultrasonography, TE transitional elastography, ICD International Classification of Diseases codes, NA not applicable, NR not reported, OR odds ratio, PASI Psoriasis Area Severity Index, PsA psoriatic arthritis, PsO psoriasis
aMean ± standard deviation
bMedian (IQR) interquartile range
cAge, sex, alcohol consumption, pack-years and smoking status, metabolic syndrome, alanine aminotransferase
dAge at start date, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index category, and use of oral glucocorticoids and NSAID in the baseline period
eAge, sex, race, income, insurance status, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption
fAge, sex, income quartile, race, smoking, alcoholism, metabolic syndrome, HIV/AIDS, and type 2 diabetes
gHazard ratio