Table 1.

Detailed summary of studies on the relationship between AMF and medicinal plants

Plant family	Plant species	AMFa	Secondary metabolites group and active ingredients	Medicinal value of the plant	Plant organ studied	Change in secondary metabolite production	Change in plant growth/biomass	Reference
Alliaceae	Allium sativum	Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Alliin	Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antioxidative, and anticancerogenic properties; against arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure	Leaves, flowers, and cloves	Significant increase	Increase in plant height, total biomass and bulb diameters, bulb weight, and yield	Borde et al. (2009)
Amaranthaceae	Achyranthes aspera	Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Flavonoids	Treatment of cough, bronchitis, rheumatism, malarial fever, dysentery, asthma, hypertension and diabetes (Bhosale et al. 2012)	______b	Increased the contents of active principles	Positive effect on plant growth parameters	Tejavathi and Jayashree (2011)
Anacardiaceae	Myracrodruon urundeuva	Acaulospora longula	Total phenols and flavonoids	Anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, astringent, anti-allergic, and antidiarrheal activities (Teixeira et al. 2020)	Leaves	81.03% increased	Promote plant growth	Oliveira et al. (2013)
Apiaceae	Angelica dahurica	Glomus spp.	Imperatorin and total coumarins	Treatment for colds, headache, dizziness, toothache, supraorbital pain, nasal congestion, acne, ulcer, carbuncle, and rheumatism (Lee et al. 2015)	Root, seed, and fruit	Significant increase	Plant growth and biomass promoted	Zhao and He (2011)
	Angelica archangelica	Funneliformis mosseae	Monoterpenoid and coumarin	Dyspeptic complaints such as mild gastrointestinal spasms, sluggish digestion, flatulence and feeling of fullness, loss of appetite, anorexia and bronchitis	Rhizome and roots	A marked increase in yield	Biomass increased	Zitterl-Eglseer et al. (2015)
	Anethum graveolens	Glomus macrocarpum, Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Anethole	Treatment for abdominal discomfort and colic and also for promoting digestion (Jana and Shekhawat 2010)	Seed	90% increased	Improved the growth	Kapoor et al. (2002)
	Bupleuruin scorzonerifolium	______	Flavonoids	Treating cold, fever, chest pain, irregular menstruation, uterine fall off and rectocele	______	______	______	Teng and He (2005)
	Coriandrum sativum	Glomus hoi	β-Caryophyllene, p-cymene, geraniol	Antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and antifungal activities (Asgarpanah and Kazemivash 2012)	Seeds or leaves	Significant improvement	______	Rydlová et al. (2016)
	Foeniculum vulgare	Glomus macrocarpum and Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Essential oil concentration	Used for digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems (Badgujar et al. 2014)	Seeds	Significantly increased	Improved plant growth	Kapoor et al. (2004)
	Trachyspermum ammi	Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Thymol	Antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and used for antinociceptive, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, broncho-dilating actions, antilithiasis, and diuretic (Bairwa et al. 2012)	Fruits	72% increased	______	Kapoor et al. (2002)
Apocynaceae	Catharanthus roseus	Glomus spp.	Vinblastine and vincristine, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol	Treatment of diuretic, hemorrhagic, wound healing, coughs, sore throats, lung infections, and diabetes (Gupta et al. 2017)	Aerial part	Significant increase	______	Andrade et al. (2013)
	Gymnema sylvestre	Rhizophagus fascuculatus and Funneliformis mosseae	Gymnemic acid	Control diabetes mellitus	Shoots and leaves	Positive increased	Higher shoot and root length and fresh and dry weight	Zimare et al. (2013)
Araliaceae	Panax ginseng	______	______	Reinforcing vital energy and restoring physiological weakness and possess antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties (Kim et al. 2018)	______	______	Plant seedlings biomass Significantly increased	Cho et al. (2009)
		Rhizophagus intraradices	Ginsenosides		Roots	Increased total content	______	Tian et al. (2019)
	Panax notoginseng	______	______	Used to staunch bleeding, and invigorating and supplementing blood (Yang et al. 2014)	______	______	Only AMF community study from plant	Ren et al. (2007)
Araceae	Pinellia ternate	Rhizophagus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae	l-Ephedrine and guanosine	Treating cough and vomiting	Tubers	Significant increase	Increasing fresh weight and dry weight	Guo et al. (2010)
	Acorus calamus	Funneliformis mosseae and Acaulospora laevis	______	Anti-spasmodic and anti-anthelmintic properties and also used for treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent fevers, and tumors	______	______	Significant increase in plant height, plant spread, number of leaves per plant, and leaf area	Yadav et al. (2011)
Asteraceae	Atractylodes macrocephala	Funneliformis mosseae	Atractylol	Strengthening the spleen, benefiting vital energy, eliminating dampness, hidroschesis, and soothing fetuses (Gu et al. 2019)	Rhizome	Significant increase	______	Lu and He (2005)
	Atractylodes lancea	Funneliformis mosseae	______	Used to treat rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness, and influenza and also exert anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects (Jun et al. 2018)	______	No effect on essential oil contents	Improved plant growth	Guo et al. (2006)
		Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Glomus tortuosum, and Funneliformis mosseae	Essential oils, hinesol, β-eudesmol, and atractylodin		______	Increased	Increased the survival rate of seedlings, plant height, root length, and leaf number significantly increased	Liang et al. (2018)
	Artemisia annua	Rhizophagus irregularis	Artemisinin content	Treat fever, inflammation, malaria, cough, stomach and intestinal upset	Leaves	17% increased	Significant increase in fresh and dry plant biomass	Domokos et al. (2018)
	Arnica montana	Funneliformis geosporum, Funneliformis constrictum	Sesquiterpene lactones	Stimulate blood flow, promote healing, and soothe arthritic pains	Fresh or dried flower	Significant increase	______	Jurkiewicz et al. (2011)
		several Glomus strains	Phenolic acids		Roots	Increased concentration	______	Jurkiewicz et al. (2011)
	Artemisia umbelliformis	Planticonsortium tenue, Rhizophagus intraradices, Claroideoglomus claroideum/etunicatum, and a new Acaulospora species	Essential oil E-β-ocimene	Against coughs	Shoots	Significantly increased	Increase of P concentration in shoots	Binet et al. (2011)
	Baccharis trimera	Rhizophagus clarus	Phenolics	Antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory properties, and used for gastric and hepatic-protector (Rabelo and Costa 2018)	______	Marked increases	Dry weight of the aerial part and height of plants increased	Freitas et al. (2004)
	Cynara cardunculus	Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae	Phenolics	Prevent carcinogenesis and atherosclerosis	Leaves and flowers	Marked increases	______	Ceccarelli et al. (2010)
			Total phenolic content		______	No impact	Significantly increased plant yield	Colonna et al. (2016)
	Echinacea purpurea	Rhizophagus intraradices	Phenolics and cichoric acid	Treatment of toothache, bowel pain, snake bite, skin disorders, seizure, chronic arthritis, and cancer (Grimm and Muller 1999)	Root and aerial parts	Significant increase	Plant growth increased	Araim et al. (2009)
	Eclipta alba	Glomus aggregatum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Flavonoids	Treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory tract disorders (including asthma), fever, hair loss and graying of hair, liver disorders (including jaundice), skin disorders, spleen enlargement, and cuts and wounds (Jahan et al. 2014)	______	Increased	Positive effect on plant growth	Tejavathi and Jayashree (2011)
	Eclipta prostrata	Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Rhizoglomus microaggregatum, and Funneliformis geosporum	Scopolamine	treatment of diabetes type II, dizziness, hemoptysis, and liver diseases	Leaves	0.34% increased	______	Vo et al. (2019)
			Quercetin		Whole plant	0.87% increased	______	Vo et al. (2019)
	Inula ensifolia	Rhizophagus clarus	Thymol derivatives	Possess antiproliferative activity against human cancer	Roots	Increased	______	Zubek et al. (2010)
	Stevia rebaudiana	Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Stevioside, rebaudioside-A	Used as a substance strengthening the heart, the circulatory system, and regulating blood pressure (Marcinek and Krejpcio 2016)	Leaves	Significant increase	______	Mandal et al. (2013)
		Rhizophagus irregularis	______		______	Positive increase	Leaf dry biomass increased	Tavarini et al. (2018)
	Spilanthes acmella	Funneliformis mosseae and Acaulospora laevis	______	Antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antimalarial properties and used as remedy for toothache, flu, cough, rabies diseases, and tuberculosis	______	______	Improved the survival rate, plant growth, and biomass yield of micropropagated plantlets	Yadav et al. (2012)
	Tagetes erecta	______	______	Used as antiseptic and in kidney troubles, muscular pain, and piles, and applied to boils and carbuncles (Singh et al. 2020)	______	______	Positively improved plant growth, and flower quality under drought stress	Asrar and Elhindi (2010)
	Wedilia chinensis	Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Total phenols, ortho dihydroxy phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins	Treatment of bites, stings, fever, infection, kidney dysfunction, cold, wounds, and amenorrhea problems (Rehana and Nagarajan 2018)	Seedlings	Increased	______	Nisha and Kumar (2010)
Burseraceae	Commiphora leptophloeos	Gigaspora albida and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (native)	Total phenols and tannins	Treatment of bronchitis, cough, renal problems, general inflammation, and stomachache	Seedling, leaves	Significant increased	______	Lima et al. (2017)
Caprifoliaceae	Valeriana jatamansi	Rhizophagus intraradices	Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, hydroxyl benzoic acid	Possess sedative, neurotoxic, cytotoxic, antidepressant, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities (Jugran et al. 2019)	Rhizome and root	Significant increase	Significant increase in aboveground fresh and dry weight, and belowground fresh and dry weight	Jugran et al. (2015)
	Valeriana officinalis	Rhizophagus intraradices	Valerenic acid	Possess sedative and antispasmodic and sleep-inducing effects (Mungali and Tripathi 2021)	Roots	Relative increasing	Biomass of rhizomes and roots negatively effected	Nell et al. (2010)
Colchicaceae	Gloriosa superba	Funneliformis mossae, Rhizophagus fasciculatus, Gigaspora margarita, and Gigaspora gilmorei	Colchicine content	Treatment of gout, rheumatic arthritis, diseases of the skin and liver	Tubers	Increased	Improved plant growth	Pandey et al. (2014)
Dioscoreaceae	Dioscorea spp. yam	Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus fasciculatus, Gigaspora sp., Funneliformis mosseae, and Acaulospora sp.	Polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin	Anti-oxidative property to inhibit lipid peroxidation, resist the attack of free radicals, diminish low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases	Bulbils	Significantly increased	Tube weights significantly increased	Lu et al. (2015)
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hirta	Funneliformis mosseae	Phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids	Treatment for respiratory ailments (cough, coryza, bronchitis, and asthma), worm infestations in children, dysentery, jaundice, pimples, gonorrhea, digestive problems, and tumors (Kumar et al. 2010)	______	Increased	Positive effect on plant growth parameters	Tejavathi and Jayashree (2011)
Fabaceae	Astragalus membranaceus	______	______	Increasing telomerase activity and posing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, expectorant, and diuretic effects (Liu et al. 2017)	______	______	AMF community study	Liu and He (2008)
	Anadenanthera colubrina	Acaulospora longula and Gigaspora albida	Catechin	Treatment for respiratory problems and inflammations (Monteiro et al. 2006)	Bark and leaves	Significant increase	Proteins and carbohydrates were significantly increased	Pedone- Bonfim et al. (2013)
	Castanospermum austral	Rhizophagus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita	Castanospermine	Possess anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties and as HIV inhibitors and treatment of AIDS	Seeds	Significant increase with R. intraradices	Increased the growth and P contents	Abu-Zeyad et al. (1999)
	Glycyrrhiza inflata	______	______	Clearing away toxic materials, eliminating phlegm, and relieving cough	______	______	Study under water stress	Liu and He (2009)
	Glycine max	Funneliformis mosseas	Isoflavonoids	Reduction of different types of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, postmenopausal problems, diabetes, and some neurodegenerative disorders (Ahmad et al. 2014)	Roots, seeds, leaves, and flowers	Significant increase	______	Morandi and Bailey (1984)
	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Glomus hoi, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Claroideoglomusclaroideum, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Acaulospora delicata	Glycyrrhizic acid	Antiviral effects and act as a multifunctional drug carrier	Roots	Increased	______	Johny et al. (2021)
	Glycyrrhiza uralensis	Funneliformis mosseae	Contents of glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, and isoliquiritigen	Having immune-modulating and anti-tumor potential (Ayeka et al. 2016)	Roots	Significantly enhanced	Significantly increased the shoot and root biomass	Chen et al. (2017)
	Libidibia ferrea	Claroideoglomus etunicatum	Total flavonoids	Posing antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory, anti-cancerogenic, anti-histaminic, antimicrobial, anti-coagulant, and cicatrizing properties	Leaves	Increased	Improving the production of seedlings, a larger stem diameter, higher chlorophyll a leaf content	Silvia et al. (2014)
		Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Acaulospora longula	Flavonoids		Stems, bark, and leaves	Significantly increased	______	Dos Santos et al. (2017)
		Acaulospora longula	Tannins		______	Significantly increased	______	Dos Santos et al. (2017)
	Medicago sativa	Rhizophagus intraradics	Formononetin	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties (Zagórska-Dziok et al. 2020)	Roots	Significant increase	______	Volpin et al. (1994)
	Prosopis laevigata	Gigaspora rosea	Trigonelline	Cardioprotection potential and treatment of heart diseases, throat infections, dysentery, and eye inflammations (Matta et al. 2017)	Roots and leaves	1.8-fold increase in roots	______	Rojas-Andrade et al. (2003)
Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo biloba	Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Diversispora epigaea	______	Regulating cerebral blood flow, protection against free radicals, and delaying the progress of dementia and diabetes (Isah 2015)	______	______	Plant seedling growth significantly increased	Qi et al. (2002, 2003)
Hypericaceae	Hypericum perforatum	Rhizophagus intraradices alone or mixture of Funneliformis constrictum, Funneliformis geosporum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Rhizophagus intraradices	Naphthodianthrone-es, hypericin, and pseudohypericin	Possess sedative and astringent properties and utilized for excitability, neuralgia, anxiety, and depression	Shoots	Higher concentration	No impact on shoot biomass	Zubek et al. (2012)
Hypoxidaceae	Curculigo orchioides	Crude consortium of AMF spores isolated from rhizosphere soil of C. orchioides	______	Anticancerous properties	______	______	Increase biomass production, number of leaves and roots per plant, and higher concentrations of photosynthetic pigments as well as minerals	Sharma et al. (2008)
Lamiaceae	Coleus forskohlii	Glomus bagyarajii and Scutellospora calospora	Forskolin	Treatment of eczema, asthma, psoriasis, cardiovascular disorders, and hypertension (Kavitha et al. 2010)	Roots	Increased	Positive effect on plant growth	Sailo and Bagyaraj (2005)
	Leucas aspera	Funneliformis mosseae	Alkaloids	Carminative, antihistaminic, antipyretic, and antiseptic properties to treat jaundice, anorexia, dyspepsia, fever, helminthic manifestation, respiratory and skin diseases (Nirmala and Kanchana 2018)	______	Increased	Enhanced growth and total biomass	Tejavathi and Jayashree (2011)
	Mentha arvensis	Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Terpenes content	Used for stomach problems, allergy, liver and spleen disease, asthma, and jaundice (Thawkar et al. 2016)	Aerial parts	Significantly increased	Significantly increasing plant height, fresh herbage and dry matter yield	Gupta et al. (2002)
	Mentha spicata	Commercial AMF consortium “Rhizagold”	______	Antiseptic, restorative, carminative, and antispasmodic properties	______	______	Significantly positive effect of increasing various plant growth parameters	Birje and Golatkar (2016)
	Melissa officinalis	Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Claoideoglomus claroideum, and Rhizophagus intraradices	Citronellal and neral	To treat nervous disturbances (anxiety, insomnia, and stress) and gastrointestinal disorders and possess sedative, spasmolytic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumoral actions	Leaves	Increased	No impact	Engel et al. (2016)
	Ocimum basilicum	Gigarpora margarita and Gigaspora rosea	Linalool and geraniol	Treatment for headaches, coughs, diarrhea, constipation, warts, worms, and kidney malfunctions (Joshi 2014)	Seeds	Significant increase	Plant growth parameters and yield increased	Rasouli- Sadaghiani et al. (2010)
		Funneliformis caledonium	Rosmarinic and caffeic acids		Shoots	Increased	______	Toussaint et al. (2007)
	Origanum onites	Claroideoglomus etunicatum	Total essential oil production	Treatment of indigestion, coughs, and toothache, and to stimulate menstruation	Leaves	Increased	Significantly higher shoot and root dry weight	Karagiannidis et al. (2012)
	Origanum vulgare	Claroideoglomus etunicatum	Essential oil composition of p-cymene, and γ-terpinene	Treatment for indigestion, coughs, and toothache, and to stimulate menstruation	Leaves	Increased	Significantly higher shoot and root dry weight	Karagiannidis et al. (2012)
	Plectranthus amboinicus	Rhizophagus clarus	Carvacrol, trans-caryophyllene, α-Bergamotene and α-humulene	Possess digestive, expectorant, antispasmodic, healing, and antiseptic actions	Shoots	Significant improvement	Improved shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter	Merlin et al. (2020)
	Pogostemon cablin	Claroideoglomus etunicatum	Essential oils	Used to treat nausea, diarrhea, colds, and headaches	______	Increased essential oil content	Greater plant height, number of branches and spread, biomass	Arpana et al. (2008)
		Acaulospora laevis, Funneliformis mosseae, and Scutellospora calaspora	Patchoulol		Leaves	Significant Improvement	______	Singh et al. (2012)
	Satureja macrostema	Rhizophagus irregularis	β-Linalool, menthone, pulegone, and verbenol acetate	Antimicrobials	Aerial parts	Significantly increased	Significantly increased biomass, shoot and root length	Carreón-Abud et al. (2015)
	Salvia officinalis	Rhizophagus clarus	Essential oil camphor, α-humulene, viridiflorol, manool, α-thujone, and β-thujone	Treatment of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia (Ghorbani and Esmaeilizadeh 2017)	Shoots	Increased	Plant biomass increased	Sete da Cruz et al. (2019)
	Salvia miltiorrhiza	Funneliformis geosporum or Acaulospora laevis	Total phenolic acids	Treatment of menstrual disorders, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease	Roots	Significant increase	Roots biomass, fresh and dry weight of the plant effectively increased	Wu et al. (2021)
	Scutelleria integrifolia	______	______	A strong emmenagogue and as a female medicinal herb	______	______	Positive effects on micropropagated plantlet growth, particularly root development	Joshee et al. (2007)
	Schizonepeta tenuifolia	______	Essential oil	Used for headaches, colds, allergies, and eczema (Jeon et al. 2019)	______	Increased	______	Wei and Wang (1991)
	Thymus daenensis	Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices	Essential oils	Possess digestive, carminative, antitussive, antispasmodic, and expectorant attributes (Elahian et al. 2021)	______	Improve essential oil under drought stress	______	Arpanahi et al. (2020)
	Thymus vulgaris	Funneliformis mosseae	Thymol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene	Possess antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, antitussive, expectorant, and analgesic properties		Increased	Improved yield under drought condition	Machiani et al. (2021)
Leguminosae	Puerraria lobata	______	______	To relieve body heat, eye soring, dry mouth, headache associated with high blood pressure, and stiff neck problems (Liu et al. 2019)	______	______	AMF community study	Wang et al. (2006)
Oleaceae	Forsythia suspense	Rhizophagus fasciculatus and Funneliformis constrictum	______	Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-virus, anti-allergy, and neuroprotective effects (Wang et al. 2018)	______	______	Strengthen the anti-drought of the seeding	Zhao et al. (2007)
Poaceae	Cymbopogon citratus	Funneliformis mosseae	Essential oils Geranial, neral, and β-pinene	To treat cough, cold, rheumatism, digestive problems, bladder issues, toothache, and swollen gums	Aerial Parts	Enhanced	______	Mirzaie et al. (2020)
	Coix lachrymal-jobi	______	______	Diuretic, anti-rheumatic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, anthelmintic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, diuretic, hypoglycemic, anti-cancer, and tonic properties (Patel et al. 2017)	______	______	Plant growth study	Li (2003)
Passifloraceae	Passiflora alata	Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus intraradices	Total phenols content	Treatment of several diseases, such as insomnia, anxiety, and hysteria (Simao et al. 2018)	Shoots	______	Dry mass of shoot and leaf number were greater	Riter et al. (2014)
		Rhizophagus clarus and Glomus spurcum	______			Significant increase	Higher plant height	Riter et al. (2014)
Rutaceae	Phellodendron amurense	Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomusetunicatum, Diversispora epigaea, and Glomus diaphanum	Berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine	Treatment of jaundice, dysentery, hypertension, inflammation, and liver-related diseases (Kuete 2014)	Barks	Significant increase	______	Fan et al. (2006)
	Phellodendron chinense	______	Berberine	Treating dysentery, detoxicating, and curing furuncles	______	______	______	Zhou and Fan (2007)
	Citrus aurantium	______	______	Possess antiseptic, antioxidant, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, digestive, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic properties Treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, insomnia, headaches, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer (Suryawanshi 2011)		______	Plant growth and root antioxidative enzymes study	Wu et al. (2010)
Solanaceae	Datura stramonium	Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus epigaeum	Hyoscine and hyoscyamine	Treatment of stomach and intestinal pain from worm infestation, toothache, and fever from inflammation (Soni et al. 2012)	Seeds And Fruits	Significant Increase	______	Wei and Wang (1989)
	Solanum viarum	Glomus aggregatum and bacteria Bacillus coagulans and Trichoderma harzianum	Flavonoids	Used for cancer, patients with Addison’s disease and rheumatic arthritis treatment	Seedlings	Increased	______	Hemashenpagam and Selvaraj (2011)
	Withania somnifera	Rhizophagus irregularis	Withaferin-A	Treatment of cancer	Root	Significantly increased	______	Johny et al. (2021)
Taxaceae	Taxus chinensis	______	______	Anticancer effect (Jian et al. 2016)	______	______	AMF infection and colonization study	Ren et al. (2008)
Violaceae	Viola tricolor	Rhizophagus irregularis	Caffeic acid concentration	Treatment of various skin disorders and upper respiratory problems	Aerial part	Significant increase	No impact on root mass and negative impact on shoot biomass	Zubek et al. (2015)
Zingiberaceae	Curcuma longa	Glomus, Gigaspora, and Acaulospora sp.	Curcumin	A natural antioxidant with antitumor activity, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, and a good antiinflammatory agent	Rhizomes	Increased	______	Dutta and Neog (2016)
		Gigaspora margarita	Curcumin		______	No impact on curcumin content (field)	No impact on plant growth parameters, biomass production, nutrient uptake	Yamawaki et al. (2013)
		Gigaspora margarita	Curcumin		______	Concentration of curcumin increased (greenhouse)	Higher biomass production and nutrient uptake	Yamawaki et al. (2013)

^aThe column “AMF” shows the current names, not the one at the time of publication

^bThere are no studies or available data found online