Table 2.
Glycaemic variables of Chinese and Finnish older adults with glucose impairment and central obesity
| Pre-diabetes | T2DM | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | Finnish | Chinese | Finnish | |||||
| n | Mean (95% CI) | n | Mean (95% CI) | n | Mean (95% CI) | n | Mean (95% CI) | |
| Glu0, mmol/l | 147 | 5.85 (5.75, 5.95) | 151 | 5.42 (5.32, 5.53) ** | 172 | 6.97 (6.79, 7.14) | 79 | 7.94 (7.35, 8.53) |
| Glu2h, mmol/l | 147 | 8.29 (8.01, 8.58) | 151 | 7.96 (7.73, 8.2) * | 172 | 14.8 (14.3, 15.2) | 57 | 14.5 (13.1, 16) # |
| Ins0, mmol/l | 143 | 12.9 (11.7, 14.1) | 151 | 11.2 (10.4, 12.1) ##†† | 171 | 13.5 (12.4, 14.5) | 79 | 16.9 (12.7, 21) |
| HOMA-IR | 143 | 3.33 (3.02, 3.64) | 150 | 2.73 (2.49, 2.97) ##†† | 170 | 4.13 (3.79, 4.46) | 79 | 6.45 (4.21, 8.7) |
| HOMA-β | 137 | 111 (99, 123) | 150 | 125 (115, 135) | 170 | 85.6 (77.5, 93.7) | 79 | 93.4 (76.5, 110.3) |
T2DM type 2 diabetes, CI confidence interval, Glu0 fasting glucose level, Glu2h 2-h glucose level, Ins0 fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-β homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function index
Ins0, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β in prediabetes and Glu0, Glu2h, Ins0, and HOMA-IR in T2DM were log-transformed for the analysis
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, comparison of the means between Chinese and Finnish populations by the Mann–Whitney U test
#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, comparison of the means between Chinese and Finnish populations by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for age, sex, BMI and anti-diabetes medicine
††p < 0.01, comparison of the means between Chinese and Finnish individuals by ANCOVA controlling for age, sex, BMI, anti-diabetes medicine, SBP, education, physical activity, smoking and alcohol drinking