Fig. 2. Transmission electron microscopy characterization of the P2-NaMNNb cathode material.
a–c STEM-HAADF images of P2-NaMNNb projected along the [010] zone axis. d A representative STEM-HAADF image of the interface between preconstructed layer and bulk phase of P2-NaMNNb. e, f Magnified views of the surface and sub-surface corresponding to the blue and red boxes in Fig. 2d. g, h Line profiles corresponding to the blue line in Fig. 2e and the red line in Fig. 2f. i STEM-EDS elemental maps of P2-NaMNNb compounds and corresponding chemical compositions with O (orange), Na (green), Mn (red), Ni (blue) and Nb (cyan-blue). j Energy Spectrum elemental line profiles of from surface to bulk phase corresponding to the blue line in Fig. 2i and corresponding chemical compositions with O (orange), Na (green), Mn (red), Ni (blue) and Nb (cyan-blue).