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. 2022 Jun 9;13:3208. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30988-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Representative image of melanized Plasmodium yoelii CSP_mut in mosquitoes under a light microscope on day 12 after a blood meal; scale bar 50 μm. b Representative electron micrograph of vacuolized or melanized sporozoites (white arrows) from P. yoelii CSP_wt and CSP_mut oocysts at day 11; scale bar 1 μm. c Statistical analysis between the percentage of melanized mature P. yoelii CSP_wt and CSP_mut oocysts in mosquitoes (n = 45) at the indicated time points post blood feeding. d Average number of sporozoites released from P. yoelii CSP_wt and CSP_mut oocysts in mosquitoes (n = 60) at indicated incubation times in vitro. e mRNA expression level of TEP1 in mosquitoes (n = 15) infected with P. yoelii CSP_wt and CSP_mut at the indicated time points post blood feeding determined using real-time PCR. f TEP1 activation (100 kD band) in hemocytes from mosquitoes (n = 40) infected with P. yoelii CSP_wt and CSP_mut parasites detected using western blot; S7 protein was used as an internal control (left). Pooled data was quantified and analyzed (right). g Representative image of TEP1 binding to P. yoelii CSP_wt and CSP_mut oocysts at day 7 PI stained with anti-CSP repeat and anti-TEP1 (left), and the percentage of oocysts from P. yoelii CSP_wt or CSP_mut parasite-infected mosquitoes (n = 30) bound with TEP1 was statistically analyzed (right); scale bar 10 μm. Percentage of melanized mature oocysts (h) in P. yoelii CSP_mut parasite-infected mosquitoes (n = 60) at day 12 PI, and average number of hemolymph sporozoites (i) in mosquitoes (n = 60) infected with CSP_mut parasites at the indicated time points compared following TEP1 knockdown. d–f A two-sided Student’s t-test was used for the statistical analysis. c, g–i A two-sided Mann–Whitney U test was used for the statistical analysis. The data were presented as the means ± SD; ns, no significance; p-values were shown. The data were combined based on three independent experiments (c–i) or two independent experiments (b). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.