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. 2022 May 27;12:908144. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.908144

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Copyright © 2022 Fisher, Moodley, Rajkumar-Bhugeloo, Baiyegunhi, Karim, Ndlovu, Ndung’u and Marakalala

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Plasma IL-RA, IL-6, and IP-10 are elevated in TB patients. Quantification of various cytokines in the plasma of healthy (n=20) individuals compared to LTBI (n=13) and TB (n=30) patients. Each dot represents a participant sample. (A) IL-1RA, (B) IL-6, and (C) IP-10 were quantified and measured in pg/ml. Significant differences were identified as those values that were less than p<0.05. Data was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and followed by a multiple comparisons test using Tukey’s test. Tukey’s p-values have been reported in the above figure and illustrate the differences observed between groups.