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. 2022 May 27;13:907060. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.907060

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Copyright © 2022 Geng, Li and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gene mutations (shown in the blue box) lead to tRNA hypomodifications (shown in the yellow box) associated with diabetes and other metabolic diseases. CDKAL1, CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1; TRMT10A, tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog A; TRIT1, tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1; ms²t⁶A₃₇ , 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine at adenosine at position 37 of tRNA^Lys; τm⁵U₃₄, 5-taurinomethyluridine at uridine at position 34 of tRNA^Leu; Ψ₅₅ , Pseudouridine modification at position 55 of tRNA^Glu; m¹G₉ , N¹ -methylguanine at guanosine at position 9 of tRNA^Gln. GSIS, Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; MIDD, Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. .