Table 3.
The usage of electronic devices in online learning during COVID-19 lockdown (N=2476)
| Demographic characteristics | N (%) |
| Total hours of online learning | |
| ≤2 hours | 67 (2.7) |
| 3–4 hours | 271 (11) |
| 5–6 hours | 502 (20.3) |
| 7–8 hours | 1109 (44.8) |
| 9–10 hours | 480 (19.4) |
| >10 hours | 47 (1.8) |
| Device used for online learning | |
| Single device | 1486 (60) |
| Multiple device | 990 (40) |
| Mobile phone | 1174 (47.4) |
| Tablet | 1095 (44.2) |
| Computer desktop | 965 (39) |
| Computer laptop | 691 (27.9) |
| Television | 27 (1.1) |
| Environment | |
| Fan | 1272 (51.4) |
| Air conditioning | 1203 (48.6) |
| Protective instrument | |
| None | 413 (16.7) |
| Blue-coated glasses | 1172 (47.3) |
| Blue-coated film on digital devices | 680 (27.5) |
| Both blue-coated glasses and film on digital device | 211 (8.5) |
| Frequency of eye rest | |
| Never | 371 (15) |
| Every 15 min | 596 (24.1) |
| Every 30 min | 431 (17.4) |
| Every 45 min | 304 (12.3) |
| Every 1 hour | 427 (17.2) |
| Every ≥1 hour | 347 (14) |
| Distance of digital devices from eyes during online learning | |
| <40 cm | 943 (38.1) |
| 40–80 cm | 1260 (50.9) |
| >80 cm | 273 (11) |
| Back pain | 1880 (75.9) |
| Neck pain | 1687 (68.1) |
| Activity when resting | |
| Close eyes | 1144 (46.2) |
| Sleep | 1230 (49.7) |
| Look out | 822 (33.2) |
| Play games | 568 (22.9) |
| Use artificial tears | 271 (10.9) |