Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population by management
| NOM n=2782 | OM n=5301 | P value | |
| Male | 2217 (80%) | 4405 (83.1%) | <0.001 |
| Age | <0.001 | ||
| <18 | 324 (11.6%) | 421 (7.9%) | |
| 18–40 | 1630 (58.6%) | 3131 (59.1%) | |
| 41–65 | 754 (27.1%) | 1635 (30.8%) | |
| >65 | 74 (2.7%) | 114 (2.2%) | |
| Trauma cause | <0.001 | ||
| Car collision | 1046 (37.6%) | 2092 (39.5%) | |
| Motorcycle or cycling collision | 126 (4.5%) | 268 (5.2%) | |
| Fall from heights | 365 (13.3%) | 811 (15.3%) | |
| Fall and hurt oneself | 208 (7.5%) | 465 (8.8%) | |
| Crush injury | 34 (1.2%) | 50 (0.9%) | |
| Penetrating injuries | 385 (13.5%) | 798 (15.1%) | |
| Sports | 112 (4%) | 157 (3%) | |
| Personal assault | 340 (12.2%) | 533 (10.1%) | |
| Others | 166 (6%) | 127 (2.4%) | |
| Splenic grade | <0.001 | ||
| Ⅰ/Ⅱ | 2707 (97.4%) | 1280 (24.1%) | |
| Ⅲ/Ⅳ | 57 (2%) | 3512 (66.3%) | |
| Ⅴ | 18 (0.6%) | 509 (9.6%) | |
| NISS | <0.001 | ||
| Mild <15 | 1722 (61.9%) | 1666 (31.4%) | |
| Moderate 15–25 | 784 (28.2%) | 2209 (41.7%) | |
| Severe >25 | 276 (9.9%) | 1426 (26.9%) | |
| Hospital level | 0.727 | ||
| Secondary hospitals | 569 (20.5%) | 1067 (20.1%) | |
| Tertiary hospitals | 2213 (79.5%) | 4234 (79.9%) | |
| Blood transfusion >1 | 539 (19.4%) | 3474 (65.5%) | <0.001 |
| LOS, median (IQR) | 11 (7–18) | 14 (10–12) | <0.001 |
| Mortality | 76 (2.7%) | 200 (3.8%) | <0.001 |
| Direct medical cost, median (IQR) | 1223 (595–2542) | 3062 (2104–4619) | <0.001 |
IQR, inter quartile range; LOS, length of stay; NISS, New Injury Severity Score; NOM, non-OM; OM, operative management.