Table 5.
Univariate Cox regression analysis of risk factors associated with OS and PFS from the development cohort
| Variables | OS | PFS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | |
| Gender | 0.491 | 0.571 | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Female | 1.163 | 0.756~1.79 | 1.121 | 0.754~1.667 | ||
| Age, years | 0.333 | 0.457 | ||||
| ≤ 60 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 60 | 1.25 | 0.796~1.962 | 0.858 | 0.574~1.284 | ||
| Tumor location | 0.998 | 0.698 | ||||
| head | 1 | 1 | ||||
| body and tail | 1.001 | 0.517~1.94 | 1.119 | 0.633~1.978 | ||
| Maximum diameter of tumor | 0.515 | 0.853 | ||||
| ≤ 4 cm | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 4 cm | 0.859 | 0.543~1.358 | 1.04 | 0.684~1.582 | ||
| Differentiated degree | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| High | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Medium | 1.938 | 0.874~4.299 | 2.037 | 0.958~4.329 | ||
| Low | 15.773 | 6.321~39.355 | 22.944 | 9.238~56.988 | ||
| AJCC staging | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| I | 1 | 1 | ||||
| II | 3.796 | 1.848~7.799 | 3.677 | 1.888~7.163 | ||
| III | 14.125 | 5.893~33.856 | 14.420 | 6.503~31.976 | ||
| T staging | 0.663 | 0.839 | ||||
| T1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| T2 | 0.84 | 0.484~1.46 | 0.859 | 0.507~1.454 | ||
| T3 | 0.762 | 0.423~1.373 | 0.933 | 0.535~1.629 | ||
| N staging | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| N0 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| N1 | 3.61 | 2.038~6.394 | 3.215 | 1.905~5.426 | ||
| N2 | 7.641 | 3.874~15.072 | 7.443 | 4.030~13.744 | ||
| Vascular invasion | 0.030 | 0.044 | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.618 | 1.049~2.497 | 1.506 | 1.011~2.245 | ||
| Nerve invasion | 0.103 | 0.021 | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.432 | 0.93~2.204 | 1.598 | 1.073~2.381 | ||
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.889 | 0.720 | ||||
| < 24 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≥ 24 | 1.031 | 0.671~1.585 | 1.076 | 0.722~1.603 | ||
| CEA (ng/ml) | 0.001 | 0.010 | ||||
| ≤ 5 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 5 | 2.468 | 1.458~4.175 | 1.851 | 1.160~2.953 | ||
| CA19-9 (U/ml) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≤ 37 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 37 | 2.971 | 1.885~4.683 | 3.390 | 2.201~5.221 | ||
| Smoking history | 0.406 | 0.860 | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.776 | 0.426~1.413 | 1.047 | 0.630~1.740 | ||
| Drinking history | 0.824 | 0.933 | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.944 | 0.566~1.573 | 1.020 | 0.644~1.616 | ||
| Hypertension | 0.208 | 0.722 | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.734 | 0.454~1.188 | 0.925 | 0.603~1.419 | ||
| Diabetes | 0.859 | 0.403 | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.05 | 0.616~1.788 | 1.234 | 0.754~2.017 | ||
| Clinical symptoms | 0.283 | 0.142 | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.737 | 0.633~4.766 | 2.128 | 0.776~5.830 | ||
| Therapeutic regimen | < 0.001 | 0.022 | ||||
| Surgery alone | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Surgery + chemotherapy | 0.345 | 0.217~0.547 | 0.554 | 0.362~0.847 | ||
| Surgery + radiotherapy | 0.481 | 0.147~1.578 | 0.650 | 0.199~2.125 | ||
| Surgery + chemoradiotherapy | 0 | 0~3.345 | 0.945 | 0.228~3.922 | ||
| Other | 0.188 | 0.066~0.534 | 0.288 | 0.113~0.734 | ||
| Rad-score | 10.386 | 5.785~18.648 | < 0.001 | 11.213 | 6.007~20.932 | < 0.001 |