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. 2022 May 12;122(11):10266–10318. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00767

Table 3. Table Summarizing the Various Ionophore Ligands Used for Direct Cell Labelling, along with Their Corresponding Radionuclides and the Cell Type Labeled.

ionophore ligand radionuclide cell type labeled ref
Oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline) 99mTc RBCs; WBCs (54)
platelets (55)
111In RBCs; WBCs (54)
platelets (55)
neutrophils (53)
T-cells (56)
hepatocytes (57)
dendritic cells (58, 59)
human endothelial progenitor cells (60)
mesenchymal stem cells (6163)
cytolytic T lymphocytes (64)
hematopoietic progenitor cells (65)
monocytes (66)
gamma-delta T cells (67)
68Ga platelets (68)
RBCs (69, 70)
CAR T-cells (71)
89Zr breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231); mouse macrophage (J447) (72)
leukocytes (3, 73, 74)
mouse myeloma cells (5T33) (3)
CAR T-cells (71, 75)
cytotoxic T-cells; dendritic cells (76)
bone marrow cells (7679)
natural killer cells (77, 80)
gamma-delta T cells (81)
T-cells (82)
Jurkat cells (83)
RBCs (84)
mesenchymal stem cells (85)
endothelial progenitor cells (86)
64Cu RBCs; WBCs (84)
52Mn gamma-delta T cells; breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) (87)
tropolone 111In platelets (88, 89)
leukocytes (90)
neutrophils (91)
mesenchymal stem cells (9294)
gamma-delta T cells (95)
CAR T-cells (96)
68Ga RBCs (84)
platelets (68)
64Cu leukocytes (97)
RBCs; WBCs (84)
89Zr RBCs (84)
mouse macrophage cell line (J447) (72)
2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (MPO) 111In platelets (98)
leukocytes (99, 100)
68Ga platelets (68, 101)
67Ga platelets (102)
hydroxypyranones 111In leukocytes (103, 104)
ethyl maltol 89Zr colon cancer cells (HTC-116) (72)
acetylacetone 111In RBCs (105, 106)
leukocytes (54)
dithiocarbamates 99mTc leukocytes (107)
64Cu J774 mouse macrophages (108)
N-ethoxy-N-ethyl-dithiocarbamate (NOET) 99mTc leukocytes (109)
188Re
dithiocarboxylates 99mTc   (110)
HMPAO 99mTc leukocytes (111)
dendritic cells (112)
T-cells (113)
bis(thiosemicarbazones) 64Cu glioma cells (G6) (114)
rhesus monkey mesenchymal stem cells (115)
glioblastoma cells (U87MG) (116)
OVA-Th1 cells (117)
J774 mouse macrophages (108)
poly(ethylenimine) 64Cu glioblastoma cells (U87MG) (116)