Figure 4.

CeO₂@BSA nanocluster administration suppresses ROS accumulation, inhibits microglia activation, and promotes BDNF expression. (A) Flow cytometry detects for brain total ROS in negative, control, and CRS mice treated with PBS, BSA, and CeO₂@BSA nanoclusters. (B) Quantitative comparison of brain ROS levels between control, CRS mice treated with PBS, BSA, and CeO₂@BSA nanoclusters (n = 9). (C) Cortex immunofluorescent staining for IBA1 and GFAP (scale bar: 100 μm) and (D) quantitative results (n = 3). (E) Cortex immunofluorescent staining for NeuN (scale bar: 100 μm) and (F) quantitative result (n = 3). Western blot results of (G) cortex and (I) hippocampus from CRS mice treated with CeO₂@BSA nanoclusters and (H, J) quantitative results (n = 3). Data are shown as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test.