Table 1.
Alphabetical list of medications tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials for methamphetamine-use disorder (reviewed in [117-120] and ClinicalTrials.gov).
| Drug Name | Drug Actions |
|---|---|
| aripiprazole | partial dopamine D2 receptor agonist |
| baclofen | GABAB receptors agonist, muscle relaxant |
| bupropion | dopamine and norepinephrine transporter blocker |
| buspirone | 5-HT1 receptor agonist |
| citicoline | increases norepinephrine and dopamine levels, increases brain metabolism |
| creatine | participates in regenerating ATP |
| dextro-amphetamine | sympathomimetic; increases dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine levels |
| dextro-methamphetamine | sympathomimetic; increases dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine levels |
| gabapentin | exerts GABA-like action via Ca2+ channels |
| ibudilast | PDE4 inhibitor and TLR4 antagonist, anti-inflammatory drug |
| methylphenidate | dopamine and norepinephrine transporter blocker |
| mirtazapine | blocker of adrenergic α2 and serotonergic 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors, antidepressant |
| modafinil | weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor and releaser of orexin neuropeptides and histamine, heightening arousal |
| N-acetyl cysteine | increases glutamate levels |
| N-acetyl cysteine/naltrexone | increases glutamate levels, anti-oxidant/opioid receptor blocker |
| naltrexone | blocker of opioid receptors |
| naltrexone + bupropion | opioid receptor blocker/dopamine and noradrenaline transporter blocker |
| ondansetron | 5-HT3 receptor antagonist |
| perindopril | angiotensin receptor blocker |
| pexacerfont | corticotropin-releasing factor 1 antagonist, anti-anxiety drug and antidepressant |
| prazosin | inverse agonist at α1 adrenergic receptor |
| PROMETA | flumazenil/gabapentin/hydroxyzine, targeting histamine, acetylcholine and GABA function |
| sertraline | serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
| risperidone | acts on dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline receptors |
| risperidone/aripiprazole | act on dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline receptors |
| risperidone/paliperidone | act on dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline receptors |
| rivastigmine | cholinesterase inhibitor (increases acetylcholine levels) |
| topiramate | GABAA receptor agonist, AMPA receptor antagonist |
| varenicline | α7 receptor agonist, partial agonist for other nicotinic receptors |
| vigabatrin | GABAA transferase inhibitor (increases GABA levels) |
| vortioxetine (with MBRP) | serotonin transporter blocker, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B partial agonist, and 5-HT1A agonist |
Abbreviations: GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; 5-HT, serotonin; MBRP, mindfulness-based relapse prevention; PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4.