Table 2.

Synthetic cathinones studies.

Author	Tested Molecules	Model	Results
Meng et al. (2012) [39]	Mephedrone	Cell Culture (isolated guinea pig ventricular myocyte) Animal - Rat	No effect on sodium, potassium and calcium channel. Increase heart rate and blood pressure with increased heart functionality. Pre-treatment with reserpine useless.
Varner et al. (2013) [40]	Mephedrone	Animal - Rat	Increase heart rate and mean arterial pressure in dose manner. Response attenuation with pre-treatment with atenolol and phentolamine.
Sivagnanam et al. (2013) [41]	Mephedrone/MDPV	Case Report	Dilated cardiomyopathy with hypokinesia and reduction of FE.
Naserzadeh et al. (2018) [42]	Mephedrone	Mitochondria Cell Culture (male wistar rats extracted cardiomyocytes)	Decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) or complex II activity. Increase ROS production. Increase mitochondrial swelling. Decline MMP. Decrease ATP production. Decreased cytochrome-c oxidase activity (complex IV). Increase mitochondrial outside membrane damage. Increase cytochrome-c release. Increase caspase-3 activation.
Nagasawa et al. (2018) [44]	α-PVP, α-PHP, PV8	Case series	Increased frequency if G643S polymorphism in KCNQ1 gene in synthetic cathinones overdose death.
Zwartsen et al. (2019) [43]	α-PVP, MDPV	Cell culture (human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes)	Decrease spike amplitude. Decrease beat rate. Prolongation of Field Potential Duration.