Table III. Generalized estimating equations analysis of the relationship between embryo development in Modified Natural Cycle-IVF and ICSI and follicular fluid content of choline, l-carnitine, gamma-butyrobetaine and TMAO.
| Choline | l-Carnitine | Gamma-butyrobetainea | TMAO | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model |
Adjusted model |
Unadjusted model |
Adjusted model |
Unadjusted model |
Adjusted model |
Unadjusted model |
Adjusted model |
|
| Normal fertilizationa | 0.97 [0.89–1.05] P = 0.411 |
0.97 [0.90–1.06] P = 0.515 |
0.97 [0.93–1.03] P = 0.312 |
0.97 [0.93–1.03] P = 0.320 |
0.75 [0.59–0.95]
P = 0.018 |
0.77 [0.60–1.00]
P = 0.047 |
0.67 [0.49–0.90]
P = 0.007 |
0.66 [0.49–0.90]
P = 0.008 |
| Low fragmentationb | 1.00 [0.89–1.11] P = 0.937 |
1.00 [0.90–1.12] P = 0.960 |
1.02 [0.95–1.09] P = 0.566 |
1.03 [0.96–1.11] P = 0.446 |
0.80 [0.53–1.20] P = 0.281 |
0.77 [0.50–1.20] P = 0.256 |
1.15 [0.68–1.97] P = 0.604 |
1.19 [0.67–2.09] P = 0.556 |
| Top quality embryoc | 0.99 [0.93–1.06] P = 0.865 |
0.99 [0.92–1.06] P = 0.725 |
0.98 [0.94–1.03] P = 0.405 |
0.97 [0.93–1.02] P = 0.291 |
0.81 [0.64–1.02]
P = 0.076 |
0.79 [0.62–1.00]
P = 0.050 |
0.56 [0.42–0.74]
P < 0.001 |
0.56 [0.42–0.76]
P < 0.001 |
| Positive pregnancy testd | 1.06 [0.96–1.16] P = 0.280 |
1.07 [0.97–1.19] P = 0.163 |
1.02 [0.96–1.09] P = 0.467 |
1.04 [0.98–1.10] P = 0.213 |
1.25 [0.91–1.73] P = 0.166 |
1.30 [0.95–1.76] P = 0.100 |
0.86 [0.60–1.23] P = 0.411 |
0.93 [0.64–1.34] P = 0.677 |
Results are presented as odds ratio (95% CI) and P value corresponding to a change of 1.0 μmol/L except for gamma-butyrobetaine where calculation was based on a change of 0.1 μmol/L.
aNormal fertilization—models were adjusted for BMI, smoking, fertility treatment (choline); age, BMI, smoking (l-carnitine); age, BMI, alcohol consumption, fertility treatment (gamma-butyrobetaine); fertility treatment, indication (TMAO).
bLow fragmentation—models were adjusted for BMI.
cTop quality embryo—models were adjusted for: age, smoking, alcohol consumption, indication (choline, l-carnitine, gamma-butyrobetaine); smoking, alcohol consumption, indication (TMAO).
dPositive pregnancy test—models were adjusted for maternal age, indication (choline, TMAO); indication, duration of subfertility (l-carnitine, gamma-butyrobetaine).