Table 3.

SRF regulators and cofactors

Regulators	Cofactors	Effect on SRF activity	Cell function	Affected stages	References
Rho	Myocardin & MRTF	Positive	Epicardial cell motility	Embryonic	[87]
			Cardiomyocyte lineage	Adult	[84]
			Angiogenesis	Adult	[88, 89]
			Actin dynamics	Adult	[50]
			Cell Cell contact	Adult	[84]
Myozap	Myocardin & MRTF	Positive	Stress response	Adult	[90, 92]
Dysbindin and Rnd1	Myocardin & MRTF	Positive	Hypertrophy	Adult	[90, 93, 95]
TGFβ	Myocardin & MRTF	Positive	Actin dynamics	Adult	[85, 98]
			Cardiomyocyte lineage	Adult	[104]
CAP2	Myocardin & MRTF	Negative	Actin dynamics	Adult	[106]
STARS	Myocardin & MRTF	Positive	Actin dynamics	Adult	[107, 108]
			Stress response	Adult	[109]
			Contractility	Adult	[110]
FHL	Myocardin & MRTF	Negative	Inhibition of angiogenesis	Embryonic	[111]
			Stress response	Adult	[112]
HAT	Myocardin & MRTF	Positive	Chromatin remodeling	Embryonic and adult	[63]
HDAC4	Myocardin & MRTF	Negative	Inhibition of Chromatin remodeling	Embryonic and adult	[63]
HDAC6	Myocardin & MRTF	Negative	Vascular SMC dedifferentiation	Embryonic	[66]
GATA	Nkx2.5	Positive	Mitochondrial dynamics	Adult	[15]
Calcinurin	NFAT	Positive	Smooth muscle actin	Adult	[77]
-	HOP	Negative	Cardiac morphology	Embryonic	[79]
HDAC2	HOP	Negative	Cardiac hypertrophy	Adult	[80]
NDUFAB1	p49/STRAP	Negative	Cellular ageing	Adult	[68]
YY1	–	Negative	Muscle specific gene inactivation	Embryonic and adult	[113]
Titin	–	Negative	Mechanical sensor	Adult	[114]
TRIM24	–	Positive	Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy	Adult	[115]
TRIM32	–	Negative	Inhibition of Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy	Adult	[115]

Summary of the effects of regulators and cofactors on SRF in particular and on cardiovascular system in general