Table 3.

Main clinical outcomes included in meta-analysis (n = 8).

1st Author Year Country	Survival outcomes		Short-term outcomes (severe muscle loss VS No significant muscle loss)
	OS	DFS	Total complications (yes/no)	Anastomotic leakage (yes/no)	Pneumonia (yes/no)	Mortality (yes/no)
Liu 2016 Japan (41)	2.78 (1.16-7.12)		20/34	6/48	6/48	1/53
			15/15	2/28	3/27	1/29
Jarvinen 2018 Finland (43)	1.64 (1.00-3.37)		62/30	13/79		9/83
			17/6	2/21		1/22
Ozawa 2019 Japan (29)		1.00 (0.40-2.16)	4/14
			19/45
Yassaie 2019 New Zealand (30)				6/27	15/18	8/25
				3/17	7/13	0/20
Yoon 2020 Korea (37)	2.23 (1.42-3.73)
Boer 2020 UK (27)			45/46	1/90	23/68	2/89
			56/52	7/101	29/79	3/105
Levolger 2017 Netherlands (17)		1.04 (1.01-1.06)
Fukuoka 2019 Japan (16)		5.78 (1.68-19.93)	11/4
			15/17

OS overall survival, DFS disease-free survival were presented as Hazard Radio (95% Confidence Interval).