Table 2.
Variables associated with mental health in medical students evaluated by the logistic regression analysis.
| Variables | Clinically relevant casesa/total of cases, n/N (%) | P | Adjusted Or* (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depression moderate-severe (Phq-9) | |||
| Gender | .039c | ||
| Female | 312/848 (37%) | .039d | 1.34 (1.01-1.75) |
| Male | 109/390 (28%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Academic period | < .001c | ||
| Pre-clinical (1st-3rd year) | 230/591 (39%) | < .001d | 2.50 (1.38-4.52) |
| Clinical (4th-6th year) | 174/575 (30%) | NA | 1.50 |
| Internship (7th year) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Economic stability | .001c | ||
| No | 125/285 (44%) | .001d | 1.59 (1.19-2.11) |
| Yes | 296/953 (31%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Fear of damaging the medical training | < .0001c | ||
| A lot | 143/301 (48%) | < .0001d | 2.67 (1.16-2.19) |
| Much | 111/330 (34%) | .008d | 1.49 (1.11-1.51) |
| Nothing-a little | 167/607 (28%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Fear of being late in finishing the career | .015c | ||
| A lot | 159/324 (49%) | .004d | 1.59 (1.16-2.19) |
| Much | 144/435 (33%) | NS | 1.12 (.82-1.51) |
| Nothing-a little | 118/479 (25%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Anxiety moderate-severe (Gad-7) | |||
| Academic period | < .001c | ||
| Pre-clinical (1st-3rd year) | 146/591 (25%) | < .001d | 2.35 (1.71-3.22) |
| Clinical (4th-6th year) | 83/575 (14%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Internship (7th year)e | 6/72 (8%) | - | - |
| Economic stability | .001c | ||
| No | 82/285 (29%) | .001d | 2.05 (1.47-2.86) |
| Yes | 153/953 (16%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Fear of damaging the medical training | < .001c | ||
| A lot | 90/301 (30%) | < .001d | 3.12 (2.01-4.76) |
| Much | 61/330 (18%) | .001d | 1.90 (1.29-2.80) |
| Nothing-a little | 84/607 (14%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Fear of being late in finishing the career | < .022c | ||
| A lot | 99/324 (31%) | < .007d | 1.69 (1.16-2.48) |
| Much | 82/435 (19%) | NS | 1.15 (.79-1.68) |
| Nothing-a little | 54/579 (9%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Distress moderate-severe (Iesr-9) | |||
| Gender | .008c | ||
| Female | 264/848 (31%) | .008d | 1.49 (1.01-1.97) |
| Male | 85/390 (22%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Age | .013c | ||
| >25 years old | 44/129 (34%) | .003d | 2.82 (1.41-5.65) |
| 18-25 years old | 291/1018 (29%) | .011d | 2.17 (1.12-3.95) |
| < 18 years old | 14/91 (15%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Academic period | .001c | ||
| Pre-clinical (1st-3rd year) | 192/591 (32%) | .012d | 2.28 (1.20-4.33) |
| Clinical (4th-6th year) | 144/575 (25%) | .267d | 1.44 (.75-2.74) |
| Internship (7th year) | 13/72 (18%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Economic stability | .016c | ||
| No | 97/285 (34%) | .016d | 1.44 (1.07-1.94) |
| Yes | 252/953 (26%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Lives with a person exposed to COVID-19 | .041c | ||
| No | 184/704 (26%) | .041d | 1.31 (1.01-1.70) |
| Yes | 165/534 (31%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
| Fear of damaging the medical training | < .001c | ||
| A lot | 122/324 (38%) | < .001d | 2.46 (1.78-3.40) |
| Much | 126/435 (29%) | .005d | 1.56 (1.14-2.21) |
| Nothing-a little | 101/479 (21%) | NA | 1 (ref.) |
95%CI: 95% confidence interval; GAD-7: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder; IES-R, 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised; NA: not applicable; NS: not significant (P >.05); OR: odds ratio; PHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
P-value calculated for logistic regression analysis.
Clinically relevant cases: students with moderate-severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress.
Adjusted for gender, age, academic period, economic stability, lives with a person exposed to COVID-19, fear of damaging the medical training and fear of being late the career, when appropriate.
This category was not considered because the number of individuals was not enough for analysis.
bP-value for each category vs reference.