Table 2.
Group comparisons of T2D patients with and without DN, and controls.
| T2D DN (n = 35) | T2D no DN (n = 30) | Controls (n = 10) | p‐value |
T2D DN vs. T2D no DN p‐value |
T2D DN vs. Controls p‐value | T2D No DN vs. Controls p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K trans (min−1) | 0.037 ± 0.010 | 0.046 ± 0.014 | 0.036 ± 0.011 | 0.008A | 0.011 | 0.968 | 0.077 |
| v e | 2.35 ± 3.87 | 5.11 ± 5.53 | 1.75 ± 1.77 | 0.002K | 0.003 | >0.999 | 0.038 |
| v p | 4.62 ± 0.82 | 4.55 ± 0.65 | 4.48 ± 0.40 | 0.981K | >0.999 | >0.999 | >0.999 |
| Age (years) | 66.14 ± 8.62 | 61.00 ± 10.31 | 59.90 ± 7.00 | 0.042A | 0.116 | 0.106 | >0.999 |
| Disease duration (years) | 10.65 ± 9.26 | 7.00 ± 7.64 | n.a. | 0.166T | 0.166 | n.a. | n.a. |
| Gender (w/m) | 10w/25 m | 11w/19 m | 5w/5 m | 0.440K | >0.999 | 0.637 | >0.999 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.49 ± 4.55 | 29.55 ± 5.02 | 27.96 ± 3.41 | 0.613A | 0.998 | 0.625 | 0.619 |
| NDS | 5.49 ± 2.04 | 0.80 ± 0.92 | 1.50 ± 1.51 | <0.001K | <0.001 | <0.001 | >0.999 |
| NSS | 5.46 ± 2.96 | 2.73 ± 3.38 | 2.20 ± 3.71 | 0.001A | 0.003 | 0.018 | >0.894 |
| Sural NCV (m/s) | 29.16 ± 11.96 | 45.24 ± 7.95 | 45.40 ± 5.17 | <0.001A | <0.001 | 0.007 | >0.999 |
| Sural SNAP (μV) | 3.42 ± 1.53 | 6.53 ± 3.54 | 8.91 ± 6.71 | <0.001A | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.161 |
| Peroneal NCV (m/s) | 37.71 ± 5.63 | 42.57 ± 5.01 | 45.30 ± 4.32 | <0.001A | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.340 |
| Peroneal CMAP (mV) | 3.42 ± 2.53 | 7.16 ± 3.77 | 10.35 ± 7.01 | <0.001K | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.538 |
| Peroneal DML (ms) | 8.48 ± 14.10 | 4.96 ± 2.17 | 3.94 ± 0.48 | 0.010K | 0.155 | 0.014 | 0.476 |
| Tibial NCV (m/s) | 38.32 ± 5.67 | 42.25 ± 4.74 | 44.20 ± 3.43 | 0.002A | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.548 |
| Tibial CMAP (mV) | 7.47 ± 6.33 | 13.41 ± 5.71 | 18.06 ± 8.45 | <0.001A | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.054 |
| Tibial DML (ms) | 6.43 ± 4.52 | 4.98 ± 3.17 | 3.64 ± 0.56 | 0.004K | 0.150 | 0.005 | 0.257 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.17 ± 1.09 | 6.73 ± 1.27 | 4.71 ± 2.95 | <0.001A | 0.331 | <0.001 | 0.015 |
| GFR (mL/min) | 82.61 ± 13.96 | 89.89 ± 17.89 | 87.95 ± 15.56 | 0.303 A | 0.290 | 0.645 | 0.946 |
All values of participants are displayed as mean ± standard deviation. A = results obtained from One way ANOVA; K = Results obtained from Kruskal–Wallis test; T = Results obtained from t‐Test; T2D DN = T2D patients with diabetic neuropathy; T2D no DN = T2D patients without diabetic neuropathy; K trans = constant of capillary permeability; v e = extravascular extracellular volume fraction v p = plasma volume fraction; BMI = body mass index; NDS = neuropathy disability score; NSS = neuropathy severity scale; NCV = nerve conduction velocity; SNAP = sensory nerve action potential; CMAP = compound motor action potential; DML = distal motor latency; ms = milliseconds; mV = millivolts; μV = microvolts HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; GFR = glomerular filtration rate.