Table 4.

Small study effects assessment

	Begg-Mazumdar test		Egger’s regression analysis		Duval & Tweedie’s trim-and-fill procedure
Demand index	τ	P	Intercept (95% IC)	P	ntrimmed	Difference
Alcohol use
Intensity	−0.207	0.05	0.151 (−1.03, 1.33)	0.796	0	0
Omax	−0.129	0.253	−1.187 (−2.12, −0.25)	0.014	0	0
Pmax	−0.188	0.161	−0.658 (−1.29, 0.12)	0.101	0	0
Breakpoint	−0.184	0.127	−0.592 (−1.38, 0.20)	0.137	0	0
Elasticity	0.111	0.349	−1.144 (−2.38, 0.97)	0.07	9	−0.053
Heavy drinking
Intensity	−0.264	0.189	−0.826 (−2.89, 1.24)	0.401	0	0
Omax	−0.167	0.428	−1.415 (−3.01, 0.18)	0.076	0	0
Pmax	0.109	0.64	−0.231 (−1.15, 0.69)	0.583	0	0
Breakpoint	−0.346	0.100	−1.09 (−1.75,−0.43)	0.004	0	0
Elasticity	−0.145	0.533	−0.73 (−3.05, 1.58)	0.492	0	0
Alcohol-related problems
Intensity	0.048	0.756	0.601 (−1.69, 2.89)	0.590	0	0
Omax	0.117	0.446	−0.007 (−2.03, 2.02)	0.990	0	0
Pmax	0.0	0.999	0.229 (−1.71,2.17)	0.802	0	0
Breakpoint	−0.255	0.14	0.143 (−1.45, 1.73)	0.851	0	0
Elasticity	−0.037	0.837	−0.937 (−2.24, 4.11)	0.539	0	0
Hazardous drinking
Intensity	−0.165	0.284	1.294 (−0.26, 2.85)	0.098	1	0.005
Omax	−0.154	0.387	−0.598 (−2.61, 1.42)	0.537	0	0
Pmax	−0.142	0.444	−0.221 (−1.39, 0.94)	0.69	0	0
Breakpoint	−0.17	0.325	−0.353 (−1.57, 0.87)	0.549	0	0
Elasticity	0.068	0.673	−1.151 (−2.15, −0.15)	0.026	0	0

τ = Kendall’s tau; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. Significant results are highlighted in bold type.