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. 2022 May;14(5):1651–1662. doi: 10.21037/jtd-22-585

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2022 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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NBP promoted autophagy in rats subjected to I/R injury. (A) Western blot analysis of the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, LC3 II/LC3 I, and p62) in heart tissue. (B) RT-PCR detection of gene expression levels in rat heart tissue. (C) Representative images of immunofluorescence labelling with LC3 in different groups. Scale bar =50 µm. The white arrow indicates the expression of LC3. ^##, indicates P<0.01 compared with the sham group; ^#, indicates P<0.05 compared with the sham group; **, indicates P<0.01 compared with the I/R group; *, indicates P<0.05 compared with the I/R group. I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; NBP, Dl-3-n-butylphthalide; NBP-L, low dose of NBP; NBP-H, high dose of NBP; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LC3, light chain 3; DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.