Table 4. Permutation analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons.
| C.S. | Species | Groups | F value | R² | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group I | Chartergerllus communis | All compounds | 1.995 | 0.142 | 0.087 |
| Linear alkanes | 2.344 | 0.163 | 0.072 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 0.811 | 0.063 | 0.535 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 1.699 | 0.124 | 0.177 | ||
| Metapolybia docilis | All compounds | 1.481 | 0.156 | 0.249 | |
| Linear alkanes | 1.516 | 0.159 | 0.248 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 1.108 | 0.121 | 0.312 | ||
| Alkenes | 0.567 | 0.066 | 0.711 | ||
| Nectarinella xavantinensis | All compounds | 3.024 | 0.177 | 0.072 | |
| Linear alkanes | 2.597 | 0.156 | 0.078 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 2.49 | 0.151 | 0.098 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 0.836 | 0.056 | 0.408 | ||
| Synoeca surinama | All compounds | 105.65 | 0.399 | 0.0001 | |
| Linear alkanes | 57.593 | 0.265 | 0.0001 | ||
| Alkenes | 167.53 | 0.513 | 0.0001 | ||
| Parachartergus fraternus | All compounds | 6.133 | 0.277 | 0.0003 | |
| Linear alkanes | 4.235 | 0.209 | 0.011 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 5.757 | 0.264 | 0.0002 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 9.238 | 0.366 | 0.001 | ||
| Alkenes | 5.909 | 0.269 | 0.005 | ||
| Clypearia sulcata | All compounds | 7.634 | 0.208 | 0.001 | |
| Linear alkanes | 10.241 | 0.26 | 0.0001 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 4.462 | 0.133 | 0.024 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 7.897 | 0.214 | 0.002 | ||
| Group II | Brachygastra augusti | All compounds | 22.043 | 0.478 | 0.0001 |
| Linear alkanes | 16.989 | 0.414 | 0.0001 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 15.352 | 0.39 | 0.0001 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 13.611 | 0.361 | 0.0001 | ||
| Alkenes | 10.387 | 0.302 | 0.0008 | ||
| Alkadienes | – | – | – | ||
| Polybia paulista | All compounds | 6.764 | 0.183 | 0.0013 | |
| Linear alkanes | 10.092 | 0.251 | 0.0005 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 2.66 | 0.081 | 0.07 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 7.089 | 0.191 | 0.0007 | ||
| Alkenes | 4.595 | 0.132 | 0.0004 | ||
| Charterginus sp. | All compounds | 62.517 | 0.683 | 0.0001 | |
| Linear alkanes | 12.866 | 0.307 | 0.0001 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 52.962 | 0.646 | 0.0001 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 98.247 | 0.772 | 0.0001 | ||
| Trimethyl alkanes | – | – | – | ||
| Alkenes | 85.595 | 0.746 | 0.0001 | ||
| Group III | Agelaia pallipes | All compounds | 9.129 | 0.221 | 0.0001 |
| Linear alkanes | 9.721 | 0.233 | 0.0001 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 8.01 | 0.2 | 0.0001 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 7.817 | 0.196 | 0.0004 | ||
| Alkenes | 12.558 | 0.281 | 0.0001 | ||
| Apoica flavissima | All compounds | 3.277 | 0.201 | 0.052 | |
| Linear alkanes | 3.596 | 0.216 | 0.044 | ||
| Methyl alkanes | 2.689 | 0.171 | 0.054 | ||
| Dimethyl alkanes | 3.442 | 0.209 | 0.049 | ||
| Alkenes | 0.543 | 0.04 | 0.683 |
Note:
Comparisons between queens and workers considering all compounds and compound classes separately. C.S, caste-syndrome group. Degrees of freedom equals to 1.
Bold numbers are significant values. Italics denote wasp species.