Table 2.
Estimated Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of Diagnosed Asthma for Acculturation Measures in the GALA II Study, 2006–2014
| Unadjusted (95% CI) |
Model 1a (95% CI) |
Model 2b (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Acculturation Measure | |||
| Nativity | |||
| Not born in the U.S. | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Born in the U.S. | 2.80 (2.19, 3.59) | 2.38 (1.84, 3.10) | 2.10 (1.60, 2.77) |
| Language Acculturation | |||
| Low (Spanish-Spanish) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium (Spanish-English) | 1.25 (0.99, 1.58) | 1.34 (1.04, 1.73) | 1.26 (0.97, 1.65) |
| High (English-English) | 2.62 (1.98, 3.48) | 2.32 (1.68, 3.23) | 2.20 (1.54, 3.14) |
| Age at immigration | |||
| Ages 10 and older | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Ages 4–9 | 1.51 (0.85, 2.78) | 1.24 (0.68, 2.31) | 1.26 (0.68, 2.38) |
| Ages 0–3 | 1.50 (0.80, 2.87) | 1.16 (0.60, 2.28) | 1.19 (0.61, 2.36) |
| U.S. Born | 3.84 (2.36, 6.51) | 2.76 (1.66, 4.77) | 2.47 (1.46, 4.33) |
| Generation in the U.S. | |||
| 1st Generation | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2nd Generation | 2.36 (1.83, 3.05) | 2.19 (1.68, 2.87) | 1.94 (1.47, 2.57) |
| 3rd Generation | 4.48 (3.31, 6.09) | 3.37 (2.40, 4.76) | 2.94 (2.06, 4.22) |
| Acculturation index | |||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium | 1.57 (1.26, 1.95) | 1.68 (1.32, 2.13) | 1.49 (1.17, 1.92) |
| High | 3.04 (2.38, 3.91) | 2.68 (2.00, 3.60) | 2.43 (1.78, 3.34) |
a
Model 1 adjusted for age sex, child’s Latino subgroup, Native and African ancestry, and study site
b
Model 2: Model 1 additionally adjusted for maternal education, maternal age at birth, insurance status, in utero tobacco exposure, breastfeeding, birthweight, report of mold, and report of cockroaches