Table 3:
Estimated FEV1* % Predicted Mean Difference and 95% Confidence Intervals for Acculturation Measures in Participants with Asthma from the GALA II Study, 2006–2014 (n=931)
| Unadjusted Mean difference (95% CI) |
Model 1a Mean difference (95% CI) |
Model 2b Mean difference (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Acculturation Measure | |||
| Nativity | |||
| Not born in the U.S. | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Born in the U.S. | 0.63 (−2.28, 3.54) | 2.37 (−0.42, 5.16) | 2.35 (−0.51, 5.22) |
| Language Acculturation | |||
| Low (Spanish-Spanish) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium (Spanish-English) | 0.63 (−1.92, 3.18) | 2.13 (−0.38, 4.63) | 1.73 (−0.84, 4.31) |
| High (English-English) | −1.82 (−4.59, 0.94) | 3.52 (0.60, 6.44) | 3.70 (0.56, 6.84) |
| Age at immigration | |||
| Ages 10 and older | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Ages 4–9 | 0.99 (−6.33, 8.30) | 0.33 (−6.53, 7.20) | 0.06 (−6.89, 7.01) |
| Ages 0–3 | 1.89 (−6.05, 9.83) | −0.22 (−7.71, 7.26) | −0.72 (−8.27, 6.84) |
| U.S. Born | 1.70 (−4.59, 7.98) | 2.47 (−3.49, 8.43) | 2.16 (−3.86, 8.17) |
| Generation in the U.S. | |||
| 1st Generation | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2nd Generation | 1.77 (−1.20, 4.75) | 2.15 (−0.69, 4.99) | 2.11 (−0.82, 5.03) |
| 3rd Generation | −1.68 (−4.90, 1.53) | 3.06 (−0.21, 6.32) | 3.10 (−0.28, 6.48) |
| Acculturation index | |||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium | 0.20 (−2.20, 2.61) | 1.65 (−0.70, 3.99) | 1.30 (−1.12, 3.71) |
| High | −1.94 (−4.40, 0.53) | 3.50 (0.85, 6.14) | 3.59 (0.77, 6.41) |
a
Model 1 adjusted for age sex, child’s Latino subgroup, controller medication use, Native and African ancestry, and study site
b
Model 2: Model 1 additionally adjusted for maternal education, maternal age at birth, insurance status, in utero tobacco exposure, current smokers in household, breastfeeding, birthweight, and report of mold, and report of cockroaches
Definition of abbreviations: FEV1 = Forced Expiratory Volume in one second