Table 1.

Comparison of Lifestyle Intervention Features of DPP, Look AHEAD, LISA, and BWEL

	DPP	Look AHEAD	LISA	BWEL
Weight loss goal	Study goal =7% Individual goal =7%	Study goal =7% Individual goal =10%	Study goal = up to 10% Individual goal = up to 10% based on BMI; for BMI 24-25, goal = prevent weight gain	Study goal =7% Individual goal =10%
Activity goal	≥ 150 min/wk	≥ 175 min/wk	150-200 min/wk	≥ 150 min/wk in first 6 mo; 225-300 min/wk in mo 6-24; reduce sedentary behavior; aim for 10, 000 steps per day by end of year 1
Dietary goals	Fat: < 25% of calories, saturated fat: < 10%	Fat: < 30% of calories, saturated fat: < 10%	Fat: 20% of calories, increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains	Fat: 20-35% of calories
Calorie and fat gram targets	1200 kcal, 33 g fat if 120-170 lbs 1500 kcal, 42 g fat if 175-215 lbs 1800 kcal, 50 g fat if 220-245 lbs 2000 kcal, 55 g fat if > 250 lbs	1200-1500 kcal and 40-50 g fat if < 250 lbs, 1500-1800 kcal and 50-60 g fat if > 250 lbs	1250 kcal 1500 kcal 1750 kcal 20% of kcal from fat	1200-1500 kcal and 30-60 g fat* if ≤ 250 lbs, 1500-1800 kcal and 30-70 g fat* if > 250 lbs
Nutrition intervention	Fat gram counting with addition of calorie counting as needed; self-selected diet	Calorie counting with fat gram goals; portion-controlled diet	Calorie counting with inclusion of fat gram goals	Calorie counting Counting fat gram intake for first few wks
Meal Replacements	Recommended as a tool box or campaign strategy	Recommended as a regular part of portion-controlled diet and campaigns	Not included	Recommended as a regular part of portion-controlled diet
Session format	Individual in-person sessions, also refresher groups and campaigns after the first 6 months	Group plus individual in the first year; individual with refresher groups and campaigns thereafter	Individual phone with paper workbook	Individual phone with online and paper workbook
Number of sessions	Minimum of 25 sessions plus 2 (4-to-6-week) refresher groups in 2 yrs	Minimum of 54 sessions plus 3 (6-to-8-week) refresher groups in 2 yrs	19 calls in 2 yrs	42 sessions in 2 yrs
Frequency of sessions	16 sessions in first 6 mo, minimum of 1 in-person session every 2 mo thereafter	24 sessions in first 6 mo, 18 sessions in mo 7- 12, monthly sessions in Yrs 2 and beyond	Weekly for 5 wks, biweekly in mo 2 and 3, monthly in mo 4- 6, every 2 mo in mo 7-12, every 3 mo in Yr 2	Weekly for 12 wks, biweekly for the rest of Yr 1, monthly in Yr 2
Intervention duration	Average of 2.8 years	Median 9.6 years	2 years	2 years
Toolbox strategies	Used throughout the intervention based on identification of barriers to achieving activity and weight loss goals; problem solving strategies and no-cost items (reinforcers) used initially, higher-cost items after first 6 mo and only after no-cost or low-cost approaches had been tried	Used after the first 6 months if participants did not meet activity goal or lose 5% of initial weight or regained more than 2% from lowest weight; includes use of high-cost items, and weight loss medications	Use of problem solving and motivational strategies	Used throughout the intervention based on identification of barriers to achieving activity and weight loss goals

DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program); Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes); LISA (Lifestyle Intervention Study for Adjuvant Treatment of Early Breast Cancer); BWEL (Breast Cancer Weight Loss Trial)

^*Participants received fat gram target ranges of 20-35% of calories from fat based on evidence that a variety of macronutrient levels can promote weight loss in the context of a calorie deficit