Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population
| Characteristic | Overall Bacteremia Cohort, N = 140 |
Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia, N = 66 |
Gram-Negative Bacteremia, N = 74 |
P Value | Controls, N = 35 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, median (Q1, Q3), y | 62.0 (50.8, 71.0) | 61.5 (52.3, 69.8) | 63.0 (48.5, 71.0) | .759 | 61 (52.5, 68.0) |
| Sex (female) | 56 (40) | 22 (33.3) | 34 (45.9) | .167 | 16 (45.7) |
| Race | .035 | ||||
| Black | 45 (32.1) | 26 (29.4) | 19 (25.7) | 8 (22.9) | |
| White | 86 (61.4) | 39 (59.1) | 47 (63.5) | 25 (71.4) | |
| Other | 9 (6.4) | 1 (1.5) | 8 (10.8) | 2 (5.7) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Dialysis dependent | 19 (13.6) | 11 (16.7) | 8 (10.8) | .334 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 64 (45.7) | 31 (47.0) | 33 (44.6) | .865 | |
| Neoplasm | 32 (22.9) | 12 (18.2) | 20 (27.0) | .233 | |
| Living with human immunodeficiency virus | 2 (1.4) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0) | .221 | |
| Transplant recipient | 21 (17.6) | 6 (9.1) | 15 (20.3) | .096 | |
| Injection drug use | 8 (6.3) | 5 (7.6) | 3 (4.1) | .475 | |
| Corticosteroid use (30 day) | 38 (27.1) | 17 (25.8) | 21 (28.4) | .849 | |
| Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, median (Q1, Q3) | 17 (13.0, 18.7) | 17.5 (13.0, 22.0) | 17.0 (13.0, 25.8) | .643 | |
| Acute Physiology Score, median (Q1, Q3) | 11 (7.0, 16.0) | 10 (7.0, 14.8) | 11.5 (7.0, 17.0) | .454 | |
| Route of infection | .002 | ||||
| Hospital acquired | 27 (19.3) | 6 (9.1) | 21 (28.4) | ||
| Healthcare associated, community acquired | 65 (46.4) | 40 (60.6) | 25 (33.8) | ||
| Nonhealthcare associated, community acquired | 48 (34.3) | 20 (30.3) | 28 (37.8) | ||
| Symptoms | |||||
| Fever at presentation | 95 (67.9) | 46 (69.7) | 49 (66.2) | .719 | |
| Fever >72 h | 17 (12.1) | 10 (15.2) | 7 (9.5) | .316 | |
| White blood cell count ×109/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 11.7 (8.2, 16.2) | 13.0 (9.3, 18.8) | 11.0 (6.4, 14.8) | .016 | |
| Time to blood culture positivity,a median (Q1, Q3), hours | 20.2 (16.7, 24.3) | 21.2 (18.0, 24.4) | 18.9 (15.4, 23.4) | .031 | |
| Complications | |||||
| Hospital length of stay median (Q1, Q3), d | 11.0 (7.0, 20.5) | 12.0 (9.0, 24.8) | 8.0 (5.0, 14.0) | <.001 | |
| Any metastatic infection | 38 (27.1) | 29 (43.9) | 9 (12.2) | <.001 | |
| Metastatic abscess | 13 (9.3) | 9 (13.6) | 4 (5.4) | .689 | |
| Septic emboli | 11 (7.9) | 9 (13.6) | 2 (2.7) | 1.000 | |
| Metastatic vertebral osteomyelitis | 6 (4.3) | 5 (7.6) | 1 (1.4) | 1.000 | |
| Metastatic nonvertebral osteomyelitis | 3 (2.1) | 2 (3.0) | 1 (1.4) | 1.000 | |
| Metastatic arthritis | 2 (1.4) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | |
| Metastatic psoas abscess | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | |
| Other metastatic infection | 4 (2.9) | 4 (6.1) | 0 (0) | .555 | |
| Infective endocarditis | 11 (7.9) | 10 (15.1) | 1 (1.4) | .237 | |
| Sepsis | 114 (81.4) | 53 (80.3) | 61 (82.4) | .829 | |
| Septic shock | 16 (11.4) | 8 (12.1) | 8 (10.8) | 1.000 | |
| Acute respiratory distress | 16 (11.4) | 9 (13.6) | 7 (9.5) | .596 | |
| Acute renal failure | 49 (35.0) | 21 (31.8) | 28 (37.8) | .483 | |
| Persistent bacteremia | 21 (15.0) | 18 (27.3) | 3 (4.1) | <.001 | |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Recurrent infection | 6 (4.3) | 3 (4.5) | 3 (4.1) | 1.000 | |
| Attributable mortality | 12 (8.6) | 6 (9.1) | 6 (8.1) | 1.000 | |
| All-cause mortality | 31 (22.1) | 13 (19.7) | 18 (24.3) | .547 |
Abbreviations: Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile.
aCalculated by time of blood culture flagged positive for growth minus time of blood culture collection.