Table 1. Publications and extracted data.
First author | Year | Country | Study design | Treatment | Treatment subgroup | No. of Cases | Age [mean± SD] | Males (x/n) |
Chiu 32 | 2015 | UK | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 18 | 70 median (range 46–85) | 8/18 |
JW Kim 33 | 2015 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 38 | 68.9 ± 10.2 | 18/38 |
SEMS | Covered | 29 | 68.5 ± 11.2 | 11/29 | ||||
SH Kim 34 | 2015 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | 27 Covered stents, 29 uncovered | 56 | 69 mean (range 52–91) | 36/56 |
H Lee 35 | 2015 | South Korea | Prospective randomized; WAVE partially covered SEMS vs uncovered SEMS | SEMS | Partially covered | 51 | 57.9 ± 12.5 | 34/51 |
SEMS | Uncovered | 51 | 58.7 ± 10.8 | 36/51 | ||||
JE Lee 23 | 2015 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | 60 Uncovered, 7 partially covered | 67 | 61.2 ± 12.7 | 41/67 |
SEMS | 80 Uncovered; eight partially covered | 88 | 64.4 ± 12.8 | 61/88 | ||||
D Oh 36 | 2015 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Partially covered | 20 | 64.5 median (range 39–85) | 11/20 |
SY Oh 37 | 2015 | USA | Retrospective | SEMS | NS | 196 | 65.4 median (IQR 59.4–74.2) | 102/196 |
SEMS | NS | 96 | 70.4 median (IQR 61.0–79.2) | 55/96 | ||||
Park 24 | 2015 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Mixed (141 uncovered, 76 covered) | 217 | 60.7 ± 13.3 | 162/217 |
Surgical | Mixed | 39 | 61.7 ± 13.3 | 34/39 | ||||
Sato 38 | 2015 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 61 | 64.0 ± 10.3 | 35/61 |
Trotter 39 | 2015 | UK | Retrospective | SEMS | NS | 29 | ||
Fiori 40 | 2016 | Italy | Prospective, not randomized | SEMS (arm excluded for overlap) 1 | Mixed covered and uncovered 1 | 72 1 | 71 1 | 46/70 1 |
Surgical | Open | 30 | 70 | 19/30 | ||||
Grunwald 41 | 2016 | USA | Retrospective | SEMS | NS | 100 | 69.7 | 43/100 |
Itoi 42 | 2016 | Japan, India, USA | Prospective | EUS-GJ (EPASS) with LAMS | EUS-GJ | 20 | ||
Jung 43 | 2016 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Fully covered | |||
SEMS | Partially covered | |||||||
SEMS | Uncovered | |||||||
SEMS | Mixed | 220 | 63 median (IQR 15–90) | 125/220 | ||||
Kato 44 | 2016 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 46 | ||
SEMS | Uncovered | 79 | ||||||
SEMS | Uncovered | 125 | 70.2 mean (range 38–97) | 71/125 | ||||
Khan 45 | 2016 | China | Prospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 30 | 65 mean (range 40–90) | 18/30 |
Kobayashi 46 | 2016 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 71 | 67.6 (range: 31–92) | 43/71 |
Lye 47 | 2016 | Singapore | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 24 | 79.5 median (range 49–92) | 11/24 |
Surgical | Open | 30 | ||||||
Okuwaki 48 | 2016 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 14 | 72 median (IQR 69–79) | 9/14 |
SEMS | Uncovered | 17 | 71 median (IQR 66–75) | 8/17 | ||||
J-H Park (1) 49 | 2016 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Partially covered | 125 | 61 mean (range 25–89) | 81/125 |
SEMS | Partially covered | 68 | 62 mean (range 36–91) | 48/68 | ||||
J-H Park (2) 50 | 2016 | South Korea | Retrospective propensity score-matched | SEMS | Dual stent consisting of outer partially covered stent and inner bare stent | 74 | 62.1 ± 13.8 | 57/74 |
Surgical | Mixed | 74 | 61.1 ± 12.1 | 55/74 | ||||
Rademacher 51 | 2016 | Germany | Retrospective | SEMS | NS | 62 | 70.5 median (range 63–81) | 35/62 |
Sasaki 52 | 2016 | Japan | Prospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 39 | 69.2 ± 13.3 | 25/39 |
Shin 53 | 2016 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Mixed | 124 | 71.8 median (range 42–97) | 70/122 |
Tsauo 54 | 2016 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Partial | 75 | 61.7 ± 10.9 | 45/75 |
Surgical | Mixed | 32 | 63.4 ± 9.6 | 21/32 | ||||
Yamao 55 | 2016 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Mixed covered and uncovered | 278 | 71.7 ± 11.4 | 163/278 |
Bulut 56 | 2017 | Turkey | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 53 | 58.7 ± 15.07 | 33/53 |
Chen 30 | 2017 | USA, Japan (EUS-GJ) USA (SEMS) | Retrospective | SEMS | NS | 52 | 64 ± 13.2 | 32/52 |
EUS-GJ | EUS-GJ | 30 | 70 ± 13.3 | 17/30 | ||||
Hori 57 | 2017 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 126 | 74 median (range 39–101) | 160/252 |
SEMS | Covered | 126 | ||||||
Jang 58 | 2017 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | NS | 99 | 58.8 ± 13.2 | 67/99 |
Surgical | Mixed | 45 | 58.9 ± 11.4 | 36/45 | ||||
Khashab 59 | 2017 | USA, Japan | Retrospective | EUS-GJ (arm excluded for overlap) 1 | 30 1 | 70 ± 13.3 1 | 17/30 1 | |
Surgical | Open | 63 | 68 ± 9.6 | 32/63 | ||||
Kim 60 | 2017 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Partially covered | 18 | 71.2 ± 10.0 | 9/18 |
Ojima 61 | 2017 | Japan | Retrospective | Surgical | Open | 23 | 67 median (range 45–85) | 15/23 |
Surgical | Lap | 30 | 71 median (range 52–85) | 20/30 | ||||
Perez-Miranda 62 | 2017 | USA, Spain, France | Retrospective | EUS-GJ 1 | EUS-GJ 1 | 25 1 | 63.9 1 | 11/25 1 |
Surgical | Lap, with conversion to open at surgeon's discretion | 29 | 75.8 | 22/29 | ||||
Takahara 63 | 2017 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Partially covered | 41 | 67 median (range 35–89) | 26/41 |
Tanaka 64 | 2017 | Japan | Retrospective | Surgical | lap | 43 | 67 median (range 43–83) | 29/43 |
Tsauo 65 | 2017 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Dual stent consisting of outer partially covered stent and inner bare stent | 40 | 56.8 ± 10.6 | 23/40 |
Ye 66 | 2017 | Taiwan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 87 | 71.1 ± 14.6 | 58/87 |
Yoshida 67 | 2017 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 23 | 70 (range 48–87) | 15/23 |
Surgical | Mixed (28 open, 2 lap) | 30 | 63.5 (range 46–72) | 16/30 | ||||
SEMS | Uncovered | 23 | 70 (range 48–87) | 15/23 | ||||
Bekheet 68 | 2018 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | Covered | 55 | 60.6 (range 38–89) | 35/55 |
Choi 69 | 2018 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS (Bonastent Wing) | Partially covered | 63 | 65.0 (range 58.5–75.0) | 44/63 |
Leiyuan 70 | 2018 | China | Retrospective | SEMS | NS | 29 | 64.6 ± 14.2 | 19/29 |
Surgical | Lap | 34 | 59.8 ± 15.5 | 21/34 | ||||
Uemura 71 | 2018 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 64 | 72 (range 43–90) | 32/64 |
Surgical | Open | 35 | 68 (range 47–87) | 12/35 | ||||
Yukimoto 72 | 2018 | Japan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 38 | 73.0 median (IQR 65.0–79.0) | 23/38 |
Surgical | Open | 27 | 75.0 median (IQR 66.0–81.5) | 18/27 | ||||
Ge 22 | 2019 | USA | Prospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 78 | 65.7 ± 12.6 | 47/78 |
EUS-GJ | EUS-GJ | 22 | 66.4 ± 9.2 | 9/22 | ||||
Jang 73 | 2019 | USA | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 183 | 66.2 ± 14.3 | 90/183 |
Surgical | Mixed | 127 | 67.5 ± 11.1 | 80/127 | ||||
Kerdsirichairat 74 | 2019 | USA | Retrospective | EUS-GJ | malignant | 48 | 65 median for all | 28/57 for all |
EUS-GJ 1 | Benign 1 | 9 1 | ||||||
Kumar 75 | 2019 | India | Retrospective | SEMS | NS | 90 | 56.4 ± 11.7 | 43/90 |
SEMS | NS | 24 | 56.9 ± 11.6 | 12/24 | ||||
Ramos 76 | 2019 | Brazil | Retrospective | Surgical | Gastric partitioning | 30 | 67.5 ± 13.4 | 22/30 |
Surgical | Conventional GJ | 30 | 64.3 ± 12.7 | 19/30 | ||||
Ratone 77 | 2019 | France | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 220 | 67.2 ± 13.9 | 123/220 |
Sterpetti 78 | 2019 | Italy | Prospective | SEMS | 87 | 71 | 57/87 | |
Alcala-Gonzalez 79 | 2020 | Spain | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 36 | 68 median (IQR 53–83) | 20/36 |
Kastelijn 5 | 2020 | The Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Italy | Retrospective | EUS-GJ | EUS-GJ | 45 | 69.9 ± 12.3 | 22/45 |
Miwa 80 | 2020 | Japan | Prospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 31 | 70 median (range 52–90) | 19/31 |
Mo 81 | 2020 | South Korea | Retrospective | SEMS | 61 Uncovered, 29 covered initially | 90 | 72.1 (range 31–96) | 59/90 |
Wu 82 | 2020 | Taiwan | Retrospective | SEMS | Uncovered | 71 | 63 ± 16 | 36/71 |
SEMS | Uncovered | 32 | 62 ± 12 | 17/30 | ||||
Xu 83 | 2020 | China | Retrospective | EUS-GJ | EUS-GE | 36 | 69.0 ± 12.8 | 17/36 |
Yildirim 84 | 2020 | Turkey | Retrospective | Surgical | Open | 37 | 68.7 ± 14.4 | 25/37 |
Surgical | Mixed (2 lap, 14 open) | 16 | 62.7 ± 10.2 | 11/16 | ||||
Hindryckx 85 | 2021 | Belgium | Retrospective | EUS-GJ | EUS-GJ | 6 | ||
Kouanda 86 | 2021 | USA | Retrospective | EUS-GJ | EUS-GJ | 36 | 70.4 ± 11.8 | 20/36 |
Surgical | Open | 14 | 71.5 ± 15.6 | 8/14 | ||||
Yamao 87 | 2021 | Japan | Prospective randomized | SEMS | Covered | 182 | 73.5 median (range 35–97) | 98/182 |
SEMS | Uncovered | 184 | 72 median (range 43–96) | 107/184 |
SEMS, self-expanding metal stent; EUS-GJ, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy.
Trial arms were excluded due to overlap with one or more other studies.