Figure 4.

Metformin or DQ alone or in combination with each other pretreatment reorganized the ovarian subcellular structure and preserved mice fertility. (a) General state of pups in different groups. (b–d) Successful pregnant rate, pup mortality rate, and pups per litter of the different drug-administration groups (n =5). (e) Transmission electron microscopy images revealed subcellular morphologies of different medication-treated ovaries (n =3). Red arrow: mitochondria; white arrow: endoplasmic reticulum (ER); blue arrow: vacuolated cytoplasm; N: nucleus of the GC. The low magnification was 3,000x and the high magnification (insets) was 10,000x. (f) Immunofluorescence of ZP3 in ovaries treated with different medication regimens (n =3). Results are presented using mean ± standard deviation values. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.