TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Adults Supported With VA-ECMO Stratified by Left Ventricular Mechanical Unloading Use
| Total (N = 12,734) | No Mechanical Unloading (n = 9,335) | Mechanical Unloading (n = 3,399) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 53.7 ± 14.5 | 52.7 ± 15.1 | 56.3 ± 12.5 | <0.001 |
| Male | 8,925 (70.6) | 6,341 (68.5) | 2,584 (76.3) | <0.001 |
| Weight kg | 84.4 ± 22.4 | 83.4 ± 22.6 | 87.0 ± 21.4 | <0.001 |
| Caucasian | 7,057 (55.4) | 5,070 (54.3) | 1,987 (58.5) | <0.001 |
| Primary diagnosis | ||||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 3,220 (27.6) | 1,804 (21.6) | 1,416 (43.0) | <0.001 |
| Chronic heart failure | 2,987 (25.6) | 2,047 (24.5) | 940 (28.5) | <0.001 |
| VT/VF | 944 (8.1) | 595 (7.1) | 349 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Myocarditis | 202 (1.7) | 157 (1.9) | 45 (1.4) | 0.06 |
| Concomitant organ failure | ||||
| Respiratory | 2,198 (17.3) | 1,481 (15.9) | 717 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| Renal | 2,313 (18.2) | 1,477 (15.8) | 836 (24.6) | <0.001 |
| Liver | 440 (3.5) | 289 (3.1) | 151 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| ECPR modality | 4,030 (31.6) | 3,380 (36.2) | 650 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Pre-ECMO arrest | 6,755 (54.2) | 5,000 (55.0) | 1,755 (52.0) | 0.009 |
| Pre-ECMO MAP, mm Hg | 62.17 ± 21.74 | 61.48 ± 21.71 | 63.81 ± 21.72 | <0.001 |
| Pre-ECMO pH | 7.22 ± 0.18 | 7.21 ± 0.18 | 7.24 ± 0.17 | <0.001 |
| Vasopressors/inotropes | <0.001 | |||
| 0–2 | 8,778 (68.9) | 6,795 (72.8) | 1,983 (58.3) | |
| >2 | 3,956 (31.1) | 2,540 (27.2) | 1,416 (41.7) | |
| Time on ECMO, d | 4.00 (2.00–7.00) | 4.00 (2.00–7.00) | 5.00 (3.00–8.00) | <0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (IQR).
ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ECPR = extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; MAP = mean arterial pressure; VA-ECMO = venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VT/VF = ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation.