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. 2022 Jun 10;232(11):825–829. doi: 10.1038/s41415-022-3996-1

Table 2.

Shortlisted candidates for the Nobel Prize in the category 'physiology or medicine' 1939

Name Lifetime Nationality Profession Motive of nomination
Frederick C. Bawden 1908-1972 British Plant biology, virology Work on production of plant disease generating virus in crystallised form
Norman W. Pirie 1907-1997 British Biochemistry Work on production of plant disease generating virus in crystallised form
Gerhard Domagk 1895-1964 German Pathology For the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil (got the prize 1939)
Gösta Forssell 1876-1950 Swedish Radiology Work on the mucosal patterns of the stomach and intestines
Evarts A. Graham 1883-1957 American Surgery Discovery of visualisation of the gallbladder, treatment of empyema, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, carcinoma of the lung and adhesive pericarditis
Walter Rudolf Hess 1881-1973 Swiss Physiology Work on the physiology of the brain stem, the regulation of sleep, respiration and circulation; work on the coordimeter method
Corneille J. Heymans 1892-1968 Belgian Pharmacology Work on the regulation of respiration and circulation
Edward Mellanby 1884-1955 British Physiology Work on the relation of dietary deficiencies to human diseases, rickets and the nervous condition produced by lack of vitamin A
May Mellanby 1882-1978 British Physiology Work on the relation of dietary deficiencies to human diseases; dental structure and dental disease
Hermann J. Muller 1890-1967 American Molecular biology Production of mutations by means of x-ray irradiation
John H. Northrop 1891-1987 American Biochemistry The purification, crystallisation and method of action of pepsin and trypsin; purification of their pro-enzymes
Alfred N. Richards 1876-1966 American Pharmacology Work on the physiology of the kidneys (mechanism of renal secretation)
Thomas M. Rivers 1888-1962 American Virology Work on virus (virus III infections in rabbits, in vitro cultivation of viruses and vaccination against psittacosis)
Peyton Rous 1879-1970 American Pathology Work on the filterability of the existing agent of certain fowl tumours and the carcinogenic effect of papilloma virus injected in rabbits
Wendell M. Stanley 1904-1971 American Chemistry, biochemistry The purification and crystallisation of viruses
James B. Sumner 1887-1955 American Biochemistry The purification and crystallisation of the enzyme urease and the study of its action
Hugo A. Theorell 1903-1982 Swedish Biochemistry Work on the yellow ferment, especially its resynthesis