Table 4.
Articles comparing diagnostic delay between (i) males and females (n = 20) and (ii) patients with or without a family history of AS/axSpA (n = 5)
| Author | Year | Country | Sample size | Disease definition | Male (%) | Extent of diagnostic delay (years) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| By gender | By family history | ||||||||||
| Males | Female | P-values | Yes | No | P-values | ||||||
| Bandinelli et al. | 2016 | Italy | 135 | axSpA | 67.4 | 9.91 | 6.3 | 0.0023 | 9.48 | 8.68 | 0.55 |
| Geirsson et al. | 2010 | Iceland | 223 | AS | 65 | 8.3 | 9.6 | 0.87 | - | - | - |
| Nakashima et al. | 2015 | Japan | 72 | AS | 83 | 6.9 | 5.5 | 0.47 | - | - | - |
| Ma et al. | 2012 | South China | 70 | AS | 72.9 | 6.6 | 6.2 | N/S | - | - | - |
| Aggarwal et al. | 2009 | India | 70 | AS | 84.3 | 6.5 | 8.6 | 0.23 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 0.68 |
| Fallahi et al.* | 2016 | Iran | 163 | AS | 79 | 6 | 6.5 | 0.68 | 6.5 | 6 | 0.32 |
| Hajialilo et al. | 2014 | Iran | 60 | AS | 88.3 | 5.9 | 8 | 0.14 | 6.5 | 6 | 0.64 |
| Slobodin et al. | 2010 | Israel | 151 | axSpA | 52.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 0.87 | - | - | - |
| Roussou et al. | 2010 | UK | 516 | axSpA | 33.3 | 5.56 | 6.27 | N/S | - | - | - |
| Jones et al. | 2014 | UK | 138 | axSpA | - | 5.56 | 8.5 | - | - | - | - |
| Dincer et al. | 2007 | Turkey | 111 | AS | 92.7 | 5.32 | 14.42 | 0.061 | - | - | - |
| Sykes et al.* | 2015 | UK | 1193 | axSpA | - | 5 | 6 | N/S | - | - | - |
| Coughlan et al. | 1981 | Ireland | 78 | AS | 73 | 4.6 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Ibn Yacoub et al. | 2012 | Morocco | 130 | AS | 66.9 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 0.075 | - | - | - |
| Ma et al. | 2012 | North China | 80 | AS | 78.6 | 4 | 4.1 | N/S | - | - | - |
| Zengin et al.* | 2021 | Turkey | 308 | axSpA | 58.8 | 4 | 4 | 0.238 | - | - | - |
| Li et al.* | 2019 | China | 208 | axSpA | 71.6 | 2.92 | 1.04 | 0.014 | 1.36 | 2.38 | N/S |
| Bodur et al.* | 2012 | Turkey | 1381 | AS | 75.2 | 2 | 2.3 | 0.385 | - | - | - |
| Qian et al.* | 2017 | China | 1251 | AS | 73 | 2 | 2 | N/S | - | - | - |
| Reddy et al.* | 2020 | India | 100 | axSpA | 68 | 1 | 4 | 0.021 | - | - | - |
*Diagnostic delay reported as median
P-values in bold indicates statistical significance. Dash (-) indicates no test for significance performed
AS, ankylosing spondylitis; AxSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; UK, United Kingdom; N/S, non-significant