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. 2022 Jun 10;12:9619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13855-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ATRA induced differentiation of MDSCs and decreased immunosuppressive capacity in human MDSCs. (A) Representative flow cytometric histograms for expression of HLA-DR, CD11b, CD14 and CD33 on HeLa induced MDSCs in the presence of 2uM ATRA or control compared to the appropriate isotype. (B) Comparison of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HLA-DR, CD11b, CD14 and CD33 expression in MDSCs in the presence and absence of ATRA. The MFI level of HLA-DR increased after ATRA treatment, indicating a reduction of HLA-DR^-CD33⁺CD11b⁺ MDSCs. (C) The relative mRNA expression of Arg-1, NOX2, iNOS and PD-L1 decreased in the presence of ATRA. Data are representative from 5 separate experiments. Data are shown as mean ± SD.