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. 2022 Jun 10;12:9619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13855-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ATRA enhanced the anti-tumor activity of PD-L1 blockade in vivo. (A) Experimental design for BALB/c mice, injected with 0.2 mL of U14 cervical cancer cell suspension. From day 6, the mice were injected with ATRA daily, anti-PD-L1 antibody on day 6, 9 and 12, or a combination of both treatments. The mice were sacrificed on day 21. (B) Levels of supernatant IFN-γ and TNF-α in different treatment groups were quantified with ELISA (8 mice/group, 2 repetitions with similar results). (C) U14 tumor growth curve of BALB/c mice (8 mice/group) with different treatment. Tumor volume was measured and recorded every 3 days after treatment. (D) Representative tumor images show the changes in volume between groups on Day 21. Data are shown as mean ± SD.